Scribd
Upload
15 views

Lecture - 2 Intro (Cont)

Uploaded by

zeyadsherbiny79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

Lecture - 2 Intro (Cont)

Uploaded by

zeyadsherbiny79
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

Fundamentals of Computer Science

An-Introduction
DR S AMAR HESHAM
LECTURE # 2

1
Computer Hardware: Computer Networks

Allow multiple computers LAN - Local area


network
to connect to share WAN - Wide area
resources and/or data network

Internetworking: Internet
Connected Networks

Requires additional modem


hardware network interface

2
Computer Hardware
Local Area Network (LAN)

3
Computer Hardware
Wide Area Network (WAN) with satellite communications

4
Computer Hardware

Internet
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that
uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks
and devices.
It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic,
business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a
broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies.
The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services,
such as the applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic
mail, telephony, and file sharing.

5
Computer Hardware : Connectivity & Networking

Connectivity is the capability of a computer to share


information with other computers.

Networking
• Communications system connecting two or more devices
• Largest network is the Internet

Emerging technologies
• Cloud computing
• Computers on the Internet. Also, it allow access to more resources
• Wireless technology
• Changing the way we communicate. .e.g., Tablets, smartphones,
wearable devices
6
Computer Software

There are two major kinds of software: system software and application
software.

 System Software
◦ Programs to manage and control computer
resources
 Application Software
◦ Programs users use

7
Computer Software

System Software

Enables application software to interact with the computer hardware.


Background software helps the computer manage its own internal
resources.

System software is not a single program, rather, it is a collection of


programs, including the following:

Operating Systems
Utilities programs
Device Drivers

8
Computer Software

Operating Systems (OS)

Coordinates computer resources


Functions of Operating System Provides the user interface
Runs applications

Embedded operating system Used by Smartphones and tablets

Real-time operating systems (RTOS)

Standalone operating system Used by desktops

Networking operating systems Used to run networks


9
Computer Software

Utilities

 Perform specific tasks related to managing computer


resources.
 Antivirus Program: Protects from viruses
 can damage your software or hardware
 Comprise the security and privacy of personal
data

10
Computer Software

Application software: End-user Software


• General-Purpose applications
• Widely used programs
• Browsers
• Word Processor
• Specialized applications
• More narrowly focused
• Two of the best known are graphics and web authoring
programs.
• Mobile applications or simply apps, designed for mobile
devices such as social media apps

11
Types of Computer

Supercomputers
• Most powerful computers used
for large and complex
mathematical computations
• they are used to analyze and
predict worldwide weather
patterns

Mainframe computers
• Process large amounts of data
and serve max number of users
• mainframe computers are
capable of great processing
speeds and data storage
12
Types of Computer

Midrange Personal
computers computers
(Servers) (PCs)

Are computers with


processing capabilities less Are the least powerful, yet
powerful than a mainframe the most widely used and
computer yet more fastest-growing type of
powerful than a personal computer.
computer.

13
Types of Computer

There are five types of personal computers

• Desktop • Smartphones
• Laptop (Notebook) • Wearables
• Tablet

14
Data versus Information

Data mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning.
Data and information are often used interchangeably; however, data are raw,
unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images, and sounds. The result of
processing data is Information.
There are 3 types of data
 Structured data – Relational databases
 Semi-structured data – Documents, Email messages, … etc.
 Unstructured data – Text documents, HTML pages, … etc.

Digital data is stored electronically in files, common types of files are:


 Document
 Worksheet
 Database
 Presentation 15
Data

Document Files
Created by word processors to
save documents such as reports,
memos, term papers, and letters.
Worksheet Files
Created by electronic
spreadsheets to analyze things
like budgets and to predict sales

16
Data
Database Files
Typically created by database
management programs to contain
highly structured and organized
data.
Presentation Files
Created by presentation graphics
programs to prepare presentation
materials.

17
Careers in IT
Develops and maintains websites and
Webmaster
web resources

Analyzes users’ needs and creates


Software Engineer
application software

Provides technical support to


Computer Support Specialist
customers and other users

Repairs and install computer


Computer Technician
components and systems
Prepares instruction manuals,
technical reports, and other
Technical Writer
scientific or technical
documents
Creates and maintains
Network Administrator
computer networks

Designs, creates and maintains


Database Administrator
databases
18

You might also like