Unscramble the following

letters and form words related

to COMMUNICATION.

1. EVISESGRGA
2. IVESPAS
3. IEVSRETAS
4. VEI MNAUPIALT
5. ASVPISE EGRASVIGES
Answer the following using numbers only.
1. You yell/ shout
2. You lean forward or lean over others.
3. You cross your arms
4. You intrude into the other person’s space.
5. You debate, argue or try to get the other person to
agree with you
6. You believe it is rude or selfish to say what you
want.
7. You worry you will upset others if you assert
yourself.
8. You worry about embarrassing yourself if you say what
you think.
9. You worry that if someone says “no” to your request
they don’t like you.
10. You complain about others behind their back.
11. You don’t attack others for their thoughts, feelings or
beliefs.
12. You actively listen to others.
13. You make the distinction between fact and your
opinion.
14. You actively seek the opinions and suggestions of
others.
15. You are willing to explore several options.
16. You may hide a significant portion of the
truth.
17. They may change the subject abruptly to
avoid discussing topics or answering questions.

18. You deny that they have done anything wrong

when they are confronted.
19. You will attempt to justify or explain your
behavior.
20. You play the victim during confrontations.
What kind of Communicators
are you?

Numbers 1-5 - AGGRESSIVE

Numbers 6-10 - PASSIVE
Numbers 11-15 - ASSERTIVE
Numbers 16-20 - MANIPULATIVE
What’s the point of understanding your
communication style ?

First you need to understand yourself, be self-

aware, before you can consciously put in effort to
change your communication style to fit the
listener’s style and needs. When conveying a
message you need to deliver it in the way the
receiver will understand and appreciate, so you
need to be able to adapt yourself to the receiver to
make sure your message lands.
How is a personal communication style
shaped ?

What we find normal is how we learnt to

communicate in our early years, in the
family and the culture we grew up in. If
talking loudly was the norm, we are likely to
find it normal to speak loudly as an adult.
Our style is also influenced by our education, the
school we went to, the friends we played with….
When we start working in a first job we are
influenced by the communication culture of our
first employer or in case we are self-employed by
the culture of the business we work in.
In short our communication style is very much
influenced by external factors and becomes
internalised as our personal communication style.
What are the most common
Communication Styles?
 1. Passive Communication Style

Passive communicators often display a lack of

eye contact, poor body posture and an inability
to say “no.” Passive communicators also act in
a way that states “people never consider my
feelings.”

But passive communicators are also easy to get

along with as they follow others and “go with
the flow.”
Examples Of Passive Behavior
Staying quiet when someone criticizes you
unjustly.
Not speaking up when someone leaves you out
of the conversation.
Going along with someone else's plans when
you wish you were doing something else.
Passive personalities frequently have
ineffective communication styles
characterized by avoidance. Because a
person with this personality style tends to
have low self-esteem, he will not typically
express his feelings, wants, thoughts or
fears.
 2. Aggressive Communication Style

The aggressive communication style is

emphasized by speaking in a loud and
demanding voice, maintaining intense eye
contact and dominating or controlling others by
blaming, intimidating, criticizing, threatening or
attacking them, among other traits.
An aggressive communication style is
characterized by high emotion, low
empathy, and a focus on "winning" the
argument at any cost. It's a style of
communication that is favored by
narcissists and bullies, but it can show up
in conversations anywhere.
Aggressiveness is a mode of communication
and behavior where one expresses their
feelings, needs, and rights without regard or
respect for the needs, rights, and feelings of
others.
Aggressive communicators often issue
commands, ask questions rudely and fail to listen
to others. But they can also be considered
leaders and command respect from those around
them.
Common Statements of Aggressive Communicators

"I don't agree with you so I don't have to listen

to your opinion."
"Everyone has to agree with me."
"I'm right and you're wrong."
"You owe me."
"I'm entitled to this."
"I'll get my way no matter what."
 3. Passive- Aggressive
Communication Style
Passive-Aggressive communication style
appears to be passive, but behind the scenes,
they act out angrily in indirect ways. People who
develop this communication style tend also to
have a fear of confrontation, indirectly dealing
with difficult situations, which may look like
they’re “sneaky” to others.
Instead of directly asking for their needs to be
met, a passive-aggressive communication style
will show their negative emotions in subtle and
oftentimes harmful behaviors.
Most passive-aggressive communicators will
mutter to themselves rather than confront a
person or issue. They have difficulty
acknowledging their anger, use facial expressions
that don’t correlate with how they feel and even
deny there is a problem.
Passive-aggressive communicators are most
likely to communicate with body language or a
lack of open communication to another person,
such as giving someone the silent treatment,
spreading rumors behind people’s backs or
sabotaging others’ efforts. Passive-aggressive
communicators may also appear cooperative,
but may silently be doing the opposite.
Sulking, backhanded compliments,
procrastination, withdrawal, and refusal to
communicate are all signs of passive-
aggression. When the other person begins
acting in such a way, try to keep your anger
in check. Instead, point out the other
person's feelings in a way that is non-
judgmental yet factual.
Here’s an example:

During a meeting, your supervisor announces that

upper management has recommended some
changes in the structure and flow of a typical
workday to increase productivity. The new
practices they describe sound annoying and
unnecessary. Instead of bringing up your
concerns, you quietly decide to just keep doing
things as you always have.
Here’s another example:

A woman and her boyfriend are studying in

the same room. She’s upset with him over
something he said earlier, but instead of
addressing the issue, she blasts music from
her laptop to make it harder for him to study.
 4. Assertive Communication Style
Thought to be the most effective form of
communication, the assertive communication style
features an open communication link while not
being overbearing. Assertive communicators can
express their own needs, desires, ideas and
feelings, while also considering the needs of
others. Assertive communicators aim for both sides
to win in a situation, balancing one’s rights with the
rights of others.
Assertive communication involves clear, honest
statements about your beliefs, needs, and
emotions. Think of it as a healthy midpoint
between passive communication and aggressive
communication.

When you communicate assertively, you share

your opinions without judging others for theirs.
 Advantages of Assertiveness
Skills in Communication

There are many advantages of assertiveness skills in

communication, most notably these:

Assertiveness helps us feel good about ourselves and

others
Assertiveness leads to the development of mutual respect
with others
Assertiveness increases our self-esteem
Assertiveness helps us achieve our goals
Assertiveness minimises hurting and alienating
other people
Assertiveness reduces anxiety
Assertiveness protects us from being taken
advantage of by others
Assertiveness enables us to make decisions and
free choices in life
Assertiveness enables us to express a wide range
of feelings and thoughts
 5. Manipulative Communication Style
The Manipulative Style
This style is scheming, calculating and shrewd.
Manipulative communicators are skilled at
influencing or controlling others to their own
advantage. Their spoken words hide an
underlying message, of which the other person
may be totally unaware.
The manipulator deliberately creates an imbalance
of power and exploits the victim to serve his or her
agenda.
Most manipulative individuals have four
common characteristics:

1. They know how to detect your

weaknesses.
2. Once found, they use your weakness
against you.
3. Through their shrewd machinations, they
convince you to give up something of yourself
in order to serve their self-centered interests.

4. In work, social, and family situations, once a

manipulator succeeds in taking advantage of
you, he or she will likely repeat the violation
until you put a stop to the exploitation.
Gossip and Lying!

Starting and spreading gossip. Whether what you

are stating is true or false, spreading rumors about
others is manipulative communication. I sometimes
hear people say, “Well everyone does it. It is just
human nature.” Well everyone doesn’t do it nor
does everyone have to do it. Shift gears: Don’t
spread rumors about others.
 How to Spot Manipulative
Communicators?
Lying. If there is one manipulative behavior
that definitely erodes and destroys trust, it is
lying. Lying, and then denying you are lying or
calling it harmless, will label you as not
worthy of trust. It is quite a price to pay and
not one you can easily undo.
Why is there a need to
know your own
communication style
and that of others?
Why is Good
Communication
important?
Understanding others’ communication styles is
essential for building effective relationships,
reducing misunderstandings, and fostering
teamwork. People communicate differently
based on their personalities, backgrounds, and
preferences, so recognizing these differences
helps tailor your approach for clarity and
respect.
“Good communication opens doors… and poor
communication closes them. Communication is
the single most important key to success in the
workplace. If you can’t communicate with
confidence and credibility, you may get passed
over for promotions, have a difficult time
relating to coworkers and colleagues, and bear
the brunt of misunderstandings and mistakes.”
Scenario:

Your classmate, who is also a friend, confides in

you that he is feeling upset after receiving failing
grades in three subjects during the first quarter.

How might a Passive, Aggressive, Passive-

Aggressive and Assertive communicator
respond differently?
Short Drill

1. They might try to make others feel sympathy or

compassion for them, so that they can get what they
want.
2. You all made too many mistakes during this project.”
3. Having an easy-going attitude
4. They achieve their goals by tricking people.
5. Does anyone else have any thoughts to share before
we move on?’
6. Putting on a happy face when they’re upset or angry
7. This type respects his listener and communicated in a
manner that doesn’t pass judgment on them or presume ill-
intent.
8. They can communicate in a straightforward way that
directly states their thoughts and feelings without dressing
up their language.
9. This type of communicators excessively apologize even
for minor issues or situations not within their control.
10. This type of communicators dominate the
conversations and may interrupt others while they are
speaking.
Let’s Do It! Identify the communication style on the items
below.

1. They are skilled at controlling and influencing others to

their own advantage.

2. I respect your opinion, but let's agree to disagree.”

3. Maintaining eye contact that’s too intense

4. “Please don't walk away from me while we're having a

conversation.”

5. Giving a silent treatment when he dislikes someone

6. They often have an underlying motive when
speaking.

7. A person who is fond of spreading rumors, and

sabotaging another person's efforts.

8. It's my way and not your way.”

9. Just do what I say, period.”

10. Giving in to others’ opinions or suggestions

11. Being able to express ideas and feelings in a
healthy way

12. Saying, “I guess there’s nothing I can do about it.”

13. I don't care what you have to say."

14. Shrugging and saying, “That’s fine, I guess.”

15. Frequent apologizing while asking for something

they need.
16. This type of communicator uses a person's feelings to
control their behavior or influence them for their own
benefit.
17. This person wants to get even with someone who
wronged him.

18. This type of communicator is reluctant to speak up from

a fear of judgment or a desire to avoid drawing attention to
themselves.
19. They might try to make others feel sympathy or
compassion for them, so that they can get what they want.
20. This communicators frequently complaints about
feeling underappreciated or cheated.
21. Appeals to a false consensus to pressure
the listener.
22. Procrastinate when you've asked them to do
something
23. Feeling powerless or helpless in some
situations
24. Getting your point of view across to others
without causing conflict.
25. Ignoring someone as a form of aggression,
such as by not approaching the person
FROZEN
CASUAL
FORMAL
CONSULTATIVE
INTIMATE
A.

``I, (Name), take you,

(Name), to be my lawfully
wedded (husband/wife), to
have and to hold from this
day forward, for better or
for worse, for richer, for
poorer, in sickness and in
health, to love and to
cherish, till death do us
part.''
 “All rise. The
Honorable Judge , Philip
Salazar Sr. presiding. The
court is now in session.”

Once the judge is seated,

the bailiff may add:

“You may be
seated.”
Pope Francis went on to say
that God's love invites us to
share with others, to
respond generously to the
needs of the poor, to
encourage those who suffer,
and to be always ready to
forgive and to hope”. Love,
he said, again quoting St
John Paul, “is the very
centre of the Gospel”!
Rita – Hey Tina? Is it you?
Tina – Oh Rita! How are you? It’s been a long time.
Rita – I am fine, what about you? Yes, we last met during the
board exams.
Tina – I’m good too.
Rita – What are you doing now?
Tina – Well, I have started my undergraduate studies in
English Honours at University of San Carlos.
Rita – Wow! You finally got to study the subject you loved the
most in school.
Tina – True. What about you Rita? Wasn’t History your
favourite subject?
Rita – You guessed it right. I took up History in UP.
To My Daughter: | Don't EVER
forget These things: | I always
love you more. Nothing lasts
forever. I will always know
what's best 🙂 When you know
better, you do better. Always
be kind. Make good choices.
Believe in yourself as much
as I believe in you. If life gets
you down, you can always
count on me.
Patient: Good Morning doctor.
Doctor: Good morning! You seem pale and your voice sounds
different.
Patient: Yes doctor. I’m having a temperature and even a sore
throat.
Doctor: Let me check.
Doctor: You have a moderate fever. Let me check your
temperature.
(Doctor uses a thermometer to check the temperature of a patient
by snapping around one of the fingers)
Patient: This thermometer is different from the last one you used.
Doctor: Yes, this is introduced newly by medical supplies
companies. It’s much more comfortable and doesn’t need cleaning
after every use.
Patient: That’s really great.
SPEECH STYLES
 SPEECH STYLES
Understanding the different speech styles—
formal, intimate, frozen, and casual—is
essential for effective communication. Each
style suits different contexts and relationships,
helping us adapt our tone, language, and
behavior to communicate appropriately and
respectfully.
Examples:
national pledge, anthem, school creeds,
marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony
1. Frozen Style (or Fixed speech)

A speech style is characterized by the use of

certain grammar and vocabulary particular to a
certain field, one in which the speaker is inserted.
The language in this speech style is very formal
and static, making it one of the highest forms of
speech styles. It’s usually done in a format where
the speaker talks and the audience listens without
actually being given the space to respond.
Examples:
meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate
meeting, at a swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in
a classroom
2. Formal Style

This style, just like the previous one, is also

characterized by a formal (agreed upon and
even documented) vocabulary and choice
of words, yet it’s more universal as it
doesn’t necessarily require expertise in any
field and it’s not as rigid as the frozen style.
3. Consultative Style

The third level of communication it’s a style

characterized by a semi-formal vocabulary, often
unplanned and reliant on the listener’s responses
and overall participation.
Application: any type of two-way communication,
dialogue, whether between two people or more, where
there’s no intimacy or any acquaintanceship.
Examples:
regular conversation at schools, companies,
group discussion,
teacher-student, doctor-patient, expert-
apprentice
Examples:

casual conversations with friends,

family members, chats, phone calls and
messages
4. CASUAL STYLE

Language used between friends

Often very relaxed and focused on just getting
the information out Slangs are quite often used
in these instances. This style is used in
informal situations and language
Relationship between speaker and hearer is
closed.
5. INTIMATE STYLE
Completely private language used within family
of very close friends or group
Uses personal language codes
Grammar is unnecessary
Does not need complete language
1. 2. 3
4. 5.