ENGINEERING

MONK
Electronics Class
By-R.Yuvraj
CONTENTS:
• Definition
• Types of Arduino
• Features of Arduino UNO
• Basic terminologies of Arduino UNO
• Light automation
• Ultra Sonic Range Finder
• Other application of Arduino
• Advantages
• Conclusion
Definition:
Arduino is a flexible, open-source electronics platform designed
to make it easy for people to create interactive projects. It
consists of both hardware and software components:
•Hardware: Arduino boards are microcontroller-based circuits
that come with a range of input/output pins. These pins can be
used to connect various sensors, actuators, and other
electronic components. The hardware is designed to be easily
programmable and accessible for users at different skill levels.
•Software: The Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) is a programming environment used to write and
upload code to the Arduino board. The code, written in a
simplified version of C/C++, controls the behavior of the
hardware components connected to the board.
Types of Arduino:
• Arduino UNO
• Arduino Nano
• Arduino Mega 2560
• Arduino Leonardo
• Arduino Due
• Arduino Micro
Features of
Arduino UNO:
The operating voltage is 5V
The recommended input voltage will range from 7v to 12V
The input voltage ranges from 6v to 20V
Digital input/output pins are 14
Analog i/p pins are 6
DC Current for each input/output pin is 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin is 50 mA
Flash Memory is 32 KB
SRAM is 2 KB
EEPROM is 1 KB
CLK Speed is 16 MHz
Basic terminologies of Arduino UNO:
• 1. Microcontroller:
Description: The ATmega328P chip on the Arduino UNO that executes your code and controls the board’s operations.
• 2. Digital I/O Pins:
Description: Pins labeled 0-13 that can be configured as either inputs or outputs. They can read digital signals (HIGH or LOW) and
send digital signals to other devices.
• 3. Analog Input Pins:
Description: Pins labeled A0-A5 used to read analog signals. They convert varying voltages into digital values using an Analog-to-
Digital Converter (ADC).
• 4. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) Pins:
Description: Digital pins (3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11) that can output a PWM signal, which simulates an analog output by varying the duty
cycle of the signal.
• 5. Serial Communication:
Description: Communication via pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). This allows the Arduino to communicate with other serial devices, such as
computers or sensors.
• 6. Analog Reference (AREF) Pin:
Description: A pin used to set an external reference voltage for the analog inputs, allowing for more precise analog readings.
• 7. Power Supply Pins:
Description: Includes:
• 5V Pin: Provides a regulated 5V output.
• 3.3V Pin: Provides a regulated 3.3V output.
• GND Pins: Ground pins used to complete the circuit.
.
• 8. Vin (Voltage In) Pin:
Description: This pin allows you to supply an external voltage (7-12V) to the board, which is regulated down to 5V by the onboard
voltage regulator.
• 9. Reset Button:
Description: A button that, when pressed, resets the microcontroller and restarts the program.
• 10. LED_BUILTIN:
Description: An onboard LED connected to digital pin 13. It is often used for basic testing and debugging.
• 11. USB Connector:
Description: A USB-B port used for connecting the Arduino to a computer for programming and powering the board.
• 12. Bootloader:
Description: A small program pre-installed on the microcontroller that allows you to upload sketches (programs) to the Arduino via
USB.
• 13. Sketch:
Description: The term used for a program written for the Arduino. Sketches are written in the Arduino IDE and uploaded to the
board.
• 14. Library:
Description: Pre-written code that extends the functionality of the Arduino environment and makes it easier to interact with
various hardware and software components.
• 15. IDE (Integrated Development Environment):
Description: The software application used to write, compile, and upload code to the Arduino board. The official Arduino IDE is a
commonly used environment..
• 17. Pinout Diagram:
Description: A diagram showing the function and location of each pin on the Arduino UNO, helpful for understanding how to
connect components
Light automation:
Light automation with an Arduino UNO typically involves controlling lights
(such as LEDs or lamps) based on various inputs or conditions. You can
achieve this with different techniques, ranging from simple on/off control to
more advanced setups involving sensors and timers. Here’s a basic overview
of how you can automate lighting with the Arduino UNO:
Components Needed:
•Arduino UNO
•LED
•220-ohm resistor
•Breadboard and jumper wires
Additional Considerations:
•Power Requirements: Ensure that your power source can handle the
requirements of the lamps or devices you’re controlling, especially if they are
high-power.
•Safety: When dealing with high-voltage devices, ensure that you are
following safety protocols to avoid electrical hazards.
Ultra Sonic Range
Finder:
Using an ultrasonic range finder with an Wiring the HC-SR04 to Arduino UNO:
Arduino UNO is a common project for The HC-SR04 has four pins:
measuring distances. The ultrasonic 1.VCC: Power supply (5V)
sensor, such as the HC-SR04, is a popular
2.Trig: Trigger pin (used to start the
choice for this purpose. It works by
emitting an ultrasonic pulse and measurement)
measuring the time it takes for the echo 3.Echo: Echo pin (receives the reflected
to return, which allows you to calculate signal)
the distance to an object. 4.GND: Ground
Connections:
Components Needed:
•HC-SR04 VCC to Arduino 5V
•Arduino UNO •HC-SR04 GND to Arduino GND
•HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor •HC-SR04 Trig to Arduino Digital Pin 9
•HC-SR04 Echo to Arduino Digital Pin 10
•Breadboard and jumper wires
•(Optional) 220-ohm resistor (for
protecting the signal pin if needed)
Other application of Arduino:
• Traffic Light Count Down Timer
• Parking Lot Counter
• Weighing Machines
• Medical Instrument
• Emergency Light for Railways
• Window Aircon controller
• Washing Machine
• Microwave Over
• Security Systems
• CCTV Switchers
Advantages of Arduino UNO:
•User-Friendly: Easy to learn and use, ideal for beginners.
•Versatile: Suitable for various projects like robotics, home automation, and sensors.
•Open-Source: Free hardware and software with extensive community support.
•Affordable: Cost-effective for hobbyists and educators.
•Compatible: Works with many sensors, actuators, and shields.
•Built-In Features: Includes a USB interface, built-in LED, and easy programming.
•Educational: Great for learning electronics and programming.
•Strong Community: Access to extensive resources, tutorials, and forums.
•Real-Time Control: Performs tasks with low latency.
•Compact Size: Fits easily into various projects and enclosures.
•Reliable: Stable and dependable performance
Conclusion:
• The Arduino Uno is a popular and user-friendly microcontroller board ideal for both beginners and advanced
users. It simplifies electronics projects with its easy-to-use design, broad compatibility, and extensive
community support. Its open-source nature and flexibility make it a valuable tool for learning and
prototyping in electronics and programming.
• In conclusion, the Arduino Uno serves as a foundational tool in the world of electronics and embedded
systems. Its blend of simplicity, flexibility, and community support makes it an enduring choice for a wide
range of applications and learning experiences