NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PLC
CLO 1. Apply the concept and principles of PLC using in automation system
( C3, PLO1 )

At the end of this chapter student should

be able to explain the concept of PLC.
 Define automation and control system.

 Define PLC terminologies.

 Explain the functions and types of PLC.

 Explain differences and advantages of

PLC comparing with conventional control

system.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

THE CONCEPT OF PLC
 Automation is the technology by which
a process or procedure is performed with
minimal or without human assistance
and have the ability to start, adjust,
move to display or measure the
variables in the process and stop the
process in order to obtain the desired
output.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

Cont…
Types of Fixed Automation Flexible /
Automation Programmable
Automation
Uses Specific Various
Change a Difficult Easy
Facility /
Improvements
Maintenance Difficult Easy
Capabilities Depend on the Very high
design and
manufacturer
Speed Slow High
Economy Suitable
NORSILAWATI for small Suitable
BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS for all type
Efficacy system of system
Cont…
Advantages and disadvantages of automation system

Advantage Disadvantage

Increase quantity High initial cost to

setup a system
Improve the quality Limited in level of
of the product intelligence
Controlling costs Difficult to maintain

Hard to design and

construct
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
Cont…
 Control system is a collection of
electronic devices and equipment which
are in place to ensure the stability,
accuracy and smooth transition of a
process or a manufacturing activity.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

Cont…
 Programmable logic controller (PLC) is
a digitally operating electronic apparatus
which uses a programmable memory for the
internal storage of instructions by
implementing specific functions, such as
logic, sequencing, timing, counting, and
arithmetic to control through digital or
analog I/O modules various types of
machines or processes [NEMA].
 The concepts use of PLC is to reduce the
numbers of relay use in automation system.
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
Cont…
 First PLC design by Group of engineers at General
Motors Company (GM), United State in 1968,
when on that time the company find other methods
to replace complex relay control that
programmable, reusable and reliable.
 In an automated system, the PLC is commonly
regarded as the heart of the control system.
 The PLC may be used to control a simple task, or a
few of them may be interconnected together with
other host controllers or host computers through a
sort of communication network, in order to
integrate the control of a complex process.
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
TEST YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
 Define automation
 State 2 types of automation
 State advantages and disadvantages of
automation system
 What is control system?
 What is PLC?
 Why PLC is use in control system?

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

PLC TERMINOLOGIES
 An input devices or sensor (detector) is
a device that converts a physical
condition into an electrical signal for use
by the PLC.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

Cont…

Digital input

Analog input

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

Cont…
 An output devices or actuators convert
an electrical signal from the PLC into a
physical condition through activation of
controlled devices.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

Cont…
 Mostly output devices are in analog state
that has continuous output signal.

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

THE FUNCTIONS OF PLC
Types of Function
Control
SEQUENCE Replace of relay control system
CONTROL Timer / counter
Replace a PCB card control
Controller for Automatic , Half and Manual Control
ADVANCE Solve a mathematic operation
CONTROL Manage a information
Control a servo motor
Stepper Motor Control
PID Control
SUPERVISOR Alarm and display process
Y CONTROL Computer interface
Factory automation network
Local area network (LAN)
Wide area network (WAN)
Factory automation (FA), Flexible Manufacturing
System (FMS), Computer integrated manufacturing
(CIM). Etc.
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
THE TYPES OF PLC

COMPACT PLC
MODULAR PLC

RACK PLC

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

DIFFERENCES AND ADVANTAGES OF PLC
COMPARING WITH CONVENTIONAL CONTROL
SYSTEM

Contents PLC Relay

Device Programmable Logic Relay is an electro-
Representatio Control (PLC) is a solid mechanical switching
ns state computerized hardware device
industrial controller that (Hardware Switching
performs software logic by Device).
using i/o, CPU, and
memory.
Playing Role PLC plays monitoring as Relay plays only
well as controlling role in controlling role in the
designing circuit. designing circuit.
Monitoring is not so easy
with a relay.
Working In the PLC, we can write In the Relay, we cannot
the program. write the program.
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
Operation PLC is operated on the Relay is operated on the
 Cont…
Contents PLC Relay
Function PLC consists of more Relay gives only one fault
programming functions detection function. And it
like timer, counter, does not have much-
memory, etc. advanced functionalities.
Modification You can easily modify the Modification of the
designing circuit. electronic circuit is more
difficult as compared to
PLC.
I/O Capacity PLC has more capabilities The relay does not have
of inputs and outputs. more capabilities.
Flexibility PLC provides more The relay provides less
flexibility than the relay. flexibility.
Fault You can easily find the It is very hard to find fault
Detection fault by using the in the Relay circuit.
software.
Time Duration PLC has the time response Relays have less than
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
of nearly 50ms and above. 10ms response time.
Cont…

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

 THE ADVANTAGES IN USING PLC IN
AUTOMATION CONTROL SYSTEM
 Eliminates more of hard wiring that was associated
with conventional relay control circuit.
 Increases reliability when the written program can
be tested before downloaded to PLC.
 More flexibility to change the program as needed.
 By replacing the relay control logic with the PLC, the
cost to build a system can be lowered.
 PLC is capable to communicate with other
controllers or computer equipment.
 PLC has faster response time as PLC operate in real-
time which means that event taking place in the
field will result in an operation or output tacking
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
place.
Cont…
 Easier to fix and troubleshoot by using
diagnostic and override function to trace
and correct software and hardware
problems.
 Applications can be immediately
documented by print out the PLC
program.
 Applications can be duplicated faster and
less expensively by using computer
software.
NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS
TEST YOUR
UNDERSTANDING
 What is functions of PLC?
 State 3 types of PLC
 Why PLC has use comparing to
conventional system?
 What is the advantages of using PLC in
automation system?

NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

 NORSILAWATI BINTI JAMINAM_JKM_PMS

THE END
THANK YOU