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Statistics History and Definitions

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Dhruv Mangla
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17 views10 pages

Statistics History and Definitions

Uploaded by

Dhruv Mangla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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What is Statistics?

History and
Definitions
An Overview
Presented by – Ankit Bansal ( MBA )
What is Statistics?
• Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals
with collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
presenting data.
• Used in various fields: economics, business,
healthcare, government, social sciences.
• Helps in making informed decisions based on
data.
Importance of Statistics
• Facilitates decision-making
• Helps understand and predict trends
• Essential for scientific research
• Supports business and economic growth
• Key tool in quality control
Early History of Statistics
• Origins trace back to ancient civilizations (e.g.,
Egypt, Babylonia) where records of population
and resources were kept.
• The word “Statistics” comes from the Latin
'status,' meaning state.
• Used in governance and administration for
population censuses, taxation, and agriculture.
Modern Development
• In the 17th century, John Graunt and William
Petty contributed to the early development of
statistical methods.
• In the 18th century, probabilistic theories
were developed by mathematicians like
Pierre-Simon Laplace and Thomas Bayes.
• In the 19th century, Karl Pearson and Ronald
Fisher advanced statistical inference and
hypothesis testing.
Definitions of Statistics
• Descriptive Statistics: Summarizing data using
measures such as mean, median, mode,
range, etc.
• Inferential Statistics: Making predictions or
inferences about a population based on a
sample of data.
Key Definitions
• Statistics as a Science: The science of learning
from data.
• Statistics as a Method: A set of mathematical
methods to summarize and analyze data.
• According to Sir Ronald Fisher: “Statistics is
the study of populations, variation, and
uncertainty.”
Two Main Types of Statistics
• Descriptive Statistics:
• - Summarizes and describes the features of a
dataset.
• - Example: Calculating average age in a group.

• Inferential Statistics:
• - Draws conclusions and predictions based on
data analysis.
• - Example: Predicting election results based
Applications of Statistics
• Business and Economics: Market analysis,
financial modeling, demand forecasting.
• Healthcare: Drug efficacy studies, medical
research, patient data analysis.
• Government: Population census, policy-
making, resource allocation.
• Social Sciences: Behavior studies, opinion
polls, demographics.
Conclusion
• Statistics is a vital tool in various domains,
helping in data-driven decision-making.
• Its history has evolved from simple record-
keeping to sophisticated mathematical
methods.
• Whether descriptive or inferential, statistics
provide powerful techniques to understand
and predict outcomes.

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