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Epithelial tissue
Presented by: Dr: Farhana Rajpar Assistant Professor Deptt: of Antomy, LUMHS, Jamshoro LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture students will be able to: Explain the ways in which epithelia are
classified Distinguish between, simple, stratified, and
pseudo stratified epithelia
List characteristics of squamous, cuboidal,
columnar, and transitional epithelia
Identify some common surface
specializations of epithelia Basic tissue types Human tissues are classified into four basic types; 1. Epithelial tissue 2. Connective tissue 3. Muscular tissue 4. Nervous tissue Main characteristics of the four basic types of tissues tissue cells ECM Main functions epithelial Aggregated Small amount Covering of polyhedral cells surfaces, lining of body cavities and glands
Connective Several types of Abundant Support and
tissue fixed and amount protection wandering cells
muscle Elongated Moderate movement
contractile cells amount
Nervous tissue Elongated none Transmission of
process nervous impulses Introduction of Epithelial tissue Epithelium is a collection of closely packed cells with very small amount of intercellular substance. Cover or line body surfaces(except
tooth),internal closed cavities including
vascular system(except articular surface) and tubes that communicate with exterior . Epithelium itself is avascular(except stria
vascularis of inner ear), it is nourished by
diffusion from blood vessels in underlying connective tissue. Cont: All epithelia rest on a thin delicate, non cellular layer called basement membrane It is arranged in the form of sheet called as
membranous epithelium or in glands called
as glandular epithelium. Function of epithelial tissues Protection (skin) Absorption (small and large intestine) Transport (by cilia) Secretion (gland) Excretion (tubules of kidney) Gas exchange (lung alveoli) Contractility (myoepithelial cells) Sensory (taste buds, olfactory and inner ear
cells) Epithelial groups Two main groups of epithelia; 1. Covering or surface epithelium 2. Glandular epithelium classification According to No: of cell layer Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudo stratified epithelium According to shape of cells Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Presence of surface specializations; Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia, keratin Simple squamous epithelium Features; Flat cells resting on basement membrane. Ovoid or flattened centrally placed nucleus. Involves in diffusion, secretion and
absorption. Examples; Endothelium Mesothelium Alveolar epithelium. Simple cuboidal epithelium; features: Single layer of cuboidal cells. Spherical centrally placed nucleus. Involves in secretion, absorption and
excretion. Examples; Distal convoluted tubules Surface of ovary Small ducts of glands and Thyroid follicle Simple columnar epithelium features; Layer of tall column shaped cells. Basally located oval nucleus, perpendicular
to basement membrane. Involves in absorption and secretion Two types Simple columnar ciliated E.g. uterine tubes
and uterus Simple columnar non ciliated E.g. Stomach,
gall bladder, and intestine.
Pseudo stratified columnar ciliated epithelium Features; Single layer of tall & short cells that gives
false impression of being stratified because
nuclei lies at different level. All cells rest on basement membrane but
not all cells reach the luminal surface.
Examples; Conductive part of respiratory tract Eustachian tube, nasal cavity, nasopharynx,
paranasal sinuses Stratified epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium Multiple layers of cells, highly protective. Only basal cells are lying on basement
membrane. Basal cells are cuboidal, which are
continuously dividing stem cells.
Next to basal layer, few layers of large
polygonal cells. Surface cells are flattened (squamous). St.epithelium depending on the shape of upper most layer it is further subdivided into; Stratified squamous…divided in to two
types. Stratified cuboidal Stratified columnar Transitional epithelium Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium The surface cells are non nucleated, non living layer, contain a tough protein known as keratin (intermediate filament). Examples; Epidermis of skin Stratified squamous non- keratinized epithelium Keratin is not present on the surface cells. Examples; Lining of oesophagus Pharynx Oral cavity Vagina Uterine cervix Cornea Lower part of anal canal Stratified cuboidal epithelium Two to three layers of cuboidal cells. Examples; Ducts of sweat glands Larger excretory Ducts of salivary glands
and Growing ovarian follicles Stratified columnar epithelium Upper layer of cells are columnar and deeper are cuboidal. Examples; Conjuctival epithelium Epiglottis Parts of male urethra Main ducts of salivary glands Transitional epithelium Special type of stratified epithelium. Several layers of cells but the no of cell
layers and shape of surface cells vary with
distended and non distended state of organ. In non distended state the no of cell layers
inc and shape of surface cells are dome
shaped or umbrella shape. In distended state the cell layers are
reduced and shape of surface cells are
flattened. Examples of transitional epithelium Lining of renal calyces Renal pelvis Urinary bladder Parts of male urethra and Ureters As this epithelium lines the most of urinary
