1 Data Communications Concepts

Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA
NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College
Course Code: AGCS-21304

Course Name: Computer Networks
TOPIC: Data Communications
Concepts
Er. Bhuvnesh Kumar

Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer

1 1 Networks
Topics
-Data Transmission
• Data Transmission and its components
-Digital and analog transmissions
• Modem
- Line Configuration in Computer Networks

2 Networks
DATA
TRANSMISSION
• Data transmission, digital transmission, or digital communication
is the transfer of data from one point to another.
• Data transmission is the transfer of data from point-to-point often represented as an
electromagnetic signal over a physical point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
communication channel.
• A communication channel refers to the medium used to convey information from a
sender (or transmitter) to a receiver, and it can use fully or partially the medium.
Examples of channels: copper wires,
Optical fibers or wireless communication channels.
Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE

3 4th Computer Networks
Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th
4 Computer Networks
Digital and analog transmissions
Data transmitted may be digital messages originating from a
data source, such as a computer or a keyboard. It may also be
an analog signal, such as a phone call or a video signal.
Analog transmission is the transfer of a continuously
varying analog signal over an analog channel.
Digital communications is the transfer of discrete messages
over a digital or an analog channel.

5 Computer Networks
6 Computer Networks
Data Communication System
Components :
There are mainly five components of a data communication
system:
1. Message
2. Sender
3. Receiver
4. Transmission Medium
5. Set of rules (Protocol)
7 Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer Networks

Data Communication System Components
 Message :
This is most useful asset of a data communication system. The message simply refers to data or piece
of information which is to be communicated. A message could be in any form, it may be in form of a
text file, an audio file, a video file, etc.
 Sender :
To transfer message from source to destination, someone must be there who will play role of a source.
Sender plays part of a source in data communication system. It is simple a device that sends data
message. The device could be in form of a computer, mobile, telephone, laptop, video camera, or a
workstation, etc.
 Receiver :
It is destination where finally message sent by source has arrived. It is a device that receives message.
Same as sender, receiver can also be in form of a computer, telephone mobile, workstation, etc.
8 Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer Networks

Data Communication System Components
 Transmission Medium :
In entire process of data communication, there must be something which could act as a bridge between
sender and receiver, Transmission medium plays that part. It is physical path by which data or message
travels from sender to receiver. Transmission medium could be guided (with wires) or unguided
(without wires), for example, twisted pair cable, fiber optic cable, radio waves, microwaves, etc.
 Set of rules (Protocol) :

To govern data communications, various sets of rules had been already designed by the designers of the
communication systems, which represent a kind of agreement between communicating devices. These
are defined as protocol.
In simple terms, the protocol is a set of rules that govern data communication. If two
different devices are connected but there is no protocol among them, there would not be any kind of
communication between those two devices. Thus the protocol is necessary for data communication
to take place.
Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE

9 4th Computer Networks
Modem
Modem is short for "Modulator-Demodulator.“
It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device,

such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet.
It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable

wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a computer can recognize.
 Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device

into an analog signal that can be sent over standard telephone lines.
10 Computer Networks
Modems

11 Networks
12 Networks
Line Configuration in Computer Networks
A network is two or more devices connected through a link. A

link is a communication pathway that transfers data from one
device to another.
For communication to occur, two devices must be connected
in some way to the same link at the same time.
There are two possible types of connections:

Point-to-Point Connection
Multipoint Connection

Point-to-Point Connection :
 A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.
 The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices.
 Most point-to-point connections use an actual length of wire or cable to connect the two ends, but other
options such as microwave or satellite links are also possible.
 Point to point network topology is considered to be one of the easiest and most conventional
networks topologies.
 It is also the simplest to establish and understand.

Multipoint Connection
 It is also called Multidrop configuration. In this connection, two or more devices share a single link.
 More than two devices share the link that is the capacity of the channel is shared now.
 With shared capacity, there can be two possibilities in a Multipoint Line configuration:
1. Spatial Sharing: If several devices can share the link simultaneously, it’s called Spatially shared line
configuration.
2. Temporal (Time) Sharing: If users must take turns using the link, then it’s called Temporally shared or Time
Shared Line configuration.


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Amritsar College of Engineering & Technology, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA

NAAC - A grade, NBA accredited courses(2009-12, 2016-18), UGC Autonomous College

Course Code: AGCS-21304

Er. Bhuvnesh Kumar

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th

7 Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer Networks

8 Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer Networks

 Set of rules (Protocol) :

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE

It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device,

It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable

 Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th Computer

A network is two or more devices connected through a link. A

There are two possible types of connections:

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th

Er. Bhuvnesh kumar [email protected] CSE 4th

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