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Data Definition
Language. DDL stands for Data Definition Language. These commands are used to change the structure of a database and database objects DATABASE ADMINISTRATIVE AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
PRACTICAL DDL Operations
DDL commands can be used to add, remove, or modify tables with in
a database. The DDL commands are:
CREATE ALTER DROP TRUNCATE RENAME CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME (
DDL Operations continue
1. CREATE : This command is used to create table in the relational database . This can be done by specifying the names and datatypes of various columns. Syntax: CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME ( column_name1 datatype1, column_name2 datatype2, column_name3 datatype3, column_name4 datatype4 ); DDL Operations continue
The column_name in create table command will tell the name of the column and corresponding datatype will specify the datatype of that column.Here in this table the three column_names namely – Student_id is of type int ,Name is of type varchar and Marks is of type int. for example: CREATE TABLE Employee (Student_id INT, Name VARCHAR(100), Marks INT); DDL Operations continue
Student_id Name Marks
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2. ALTER : Alter command is used for altering the table in many forms like: Add a column Rename existing column Drop a column Modify the size of the column or change datatype of the column DDL Operations continue
ADD using ALTER –
Syntax to add column ALTER TABLE table_name ADD( column_name datatype); The above command will add a new column to the table.And the resulting table will have one more column like this: ALTER TABLE Student ADD (Address VARCHAR(200)) DDL Operations continue
Here this command will add a new column “Address” in the table Student of datatype varchar(200);
Student_id Name Marks Address
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RENAME using ALTER –
Syntax to rename column ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME old_column_name TO new_column_name;
The above command will rename the existing column to new column. DDL Operations continue
ALTER TABLE Employee RENAME Marks TO Age; The command above will change the column_name from Marks to Age;
Student_id Name Age Address
DDL Operations continue DROP using ALTER – Syntax to Drop a column : ALTER TABLE table_name DROp (column_name); The above command will delete the existing column For example: ALTER TABLE Employee DROP (Age); DDL Operations continue
Here the column_name =”Age”, has been deleted by this command;
Student_id Name Address
DDL Operations continue MODIFY using ALTER – Syntax to Modify a column ALTER TABLE Employee MODIFY (column_name datatype); The above command will modify the existing column . For example: ALTER TABLE student MODIFY (name varchar(300)); DDL Operations continue
The above command will modify the column_name “Name” by
changing the size of that column.
Student_id Name Address
DDL Operations continue 3. TRUNCATE : This command removes all the records from a table. But this command will not destroy the table’s structure. Syntax : TRUNCATE TABLE table_name This will delete all the records from the table.For example the below command will remove all the records from table student.
Example:
TRUNCATE TABLE Student;
DDL Operations continue 4. DROP : This command completely removes the table from the database along with the destruction of the table structure. Syntax – DROP TABLE table_name This will delete all the records as well as the structure of the table. This is the main difference between TRUNCATE AND DROP.-TRUNCATE only removes the records whereas DROP completely destroys the table. Example: DROP TABLE Student; This command will remove the table records as well as destroys the schema too. This is all about the DDL commands. Applications of DDL
Creating Database Objects: DDL statements can be used to create
various database objects such as tables, views, indexes, and stored procedures. Modifying Database Objects: DDL statements can be used to modify the structure of existing database objects such as adding or dropping columns from tables, modifying the data type of columns, renaming tables or columns, etc. Managing Database Constraints: DDL statements can be used to create or alter database constraints such as primary keys, foreign keys, unique constraints, and check constraints. Applications of DDL Granting or Revoking Permissions: DDL statements can be used to grant or revoke permissions to various database objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, and indexes. Indexing: DDL statements can be used to create or modify indexes on database tables, which can improve the performance of SQL queries. Partitioning: DDL statements can be used to create or modify partitioned tables, which can improve the performance of queries that access large amounts of data.
Overall, DDL is an essential part of SQL and is used extensively in
database management systems to create, modify and manage database objects.
