MODULE - III

Module 3: UNDERSTAND THE BUSINESS FUNCTION: (6 Periods)

Business Definition and Requirements Analysis, Determining Basic Business Functions,

Design Standards or Style Guides, System Training and Documentation Needs.

UNDERSTAND THE PRINCIPLES OF GOOD SCREEN DESIGN: Human

Considerations In Screen Design, Interface Design Goals, Statistical Graphs
 BUSINESS DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
Business Definition:
• Purpose: This phase aims to clearly define the objectives and goals of the project from a
business perspective. It answers the question of why the project is being undertaken and
what outcomes are expected.
• Stakeholder Analysis: Identify and prioritize stakeholders who will be impacted by or
have influence over the project.
• Business Case Development: Create a document that outlines the justification for the
project in terms of expected benefits, costs, and risks.
• Scope Definition: Define the boundaries of the project, including what is included and
what is excluded.
• Success Criteria: Establish criteria that will be used to measure the success of the
project.
• Output: A clear understanding of the business objectives, constraints, and success factors
that will guide subsequent phases of the project.
BUSINESS DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
 BUSINESS DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
Requirements Analysis:
• Purpose: This phase focuses on gathering, analyzing, documenting, and validating the
requirements of the project. Requirements define what the system or product should do
to meet the business objectives.
• Elicitation: Gather requirements from stakeholders using techniques such as interviews,
workshops, and observations.
• Analysis: Analyze and prioritize requirements to ensure they are clear, complete, and
consistent.
• Specification: Document requirements in a format that can be easily understood by both
business and technical teams.
• Validation: Verify that the documented requirements accurately reflect stakeholder needs
and expectations.
• Output: A detailed requirements specification document that serves as the basis for
design, development, and testing phases of the project.
 BUSINESS DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
Requirements Analysis:
• Purpose: This phase focuses on gathering, analyzing, documenting, and validating the
requirements of the project. Requirements define what the system or product should do
to meet the business objectives.
• Elicitation: Gather requirements from stakeholders using techniques such as interviews,
workshops, and observations.
• Analysis: Analyze and prioritize requirements to ensure they are clear, complete, and
consistent.
• Specification: Document requirements in a format that can be easily understood by both
business and technical teams.
• Validation: Verify that the documented requirements accurately reflect stakeholder needs
and expectations.
• Output: A detailed requirements specification document that serves as the basis for
design, development, and testing phases of the project.
 DETERMINING BASIC BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
1. Understand the Organization's Goals and Objectives:
• Start by understanding the overarching goals and objectives of the organization. These can
include financial goals, growth targets, customer satisfaction metrics, etc.

2. Identify Core Processes:

• Sales and Marketing: Activities related to generating leads, converting leads into customers,
and promoting products or services.
• Operations: Activities related to producing goods or delivering services efficiently and
effectively.
• Finance: Activities related to managing finances, budgeting, accounting, and financial
reporting.
• Human Resources: Activities related to hiring, training, managing, and developing employees.
• Customer Service: Activities related to addressing customer inquiries, resolving issues, and
ensuring customer satisfaction.
 DETERMINING BASIC BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
3. Break Down Each Core Process:
• For each core process identified, break it down further into specific functions or activities.
• In Sales and Marketing, functions might include market research, lead generation, sales
forecasting, advertising, etc.
• In Operations, functions might include procurement, production planning, quality control,
logistics, etc.

4. Prioritize Functions Based on Importance:

• Determine which functions are critical to the organization's success and which are supporting
functions. This prioritization helps in resource allocation and focus.
 DETERMINING BASIC BUSINESS FUNCTIONS
5. Document and Validate:
• Document the identified business functions along with their descriptions and objectives.
Validate these with key stakeholders and subject matter experts to ensure completeness and
accuracy.

6. Review and Update Regularly:

• Business functions can evolve over time due to changes in technology, market conditions, or
organizational strategy. Regularly review and update the list of business functions to keep it
relevant.
 DESIGN STANDARDS OR STYLE GUIDES
1. Brand Identity Overview:
• Define the brand's mission, values, target audience, and unique selling propositions.
• Describe the brand’s tone of voice, personality traits, and key messaging.

2. Logo Usage:
• Specify correct and incorrect uses of the logo.
• Include size restrictions, clear space requirements, and variations.

3. Color Palette:
• Provide hex codes, RGB values, and CMYK equivalents for brand colors.
• Define primary, secondary, and accent colors.
• Include guidelines for backgrounds, text, and color combinations.
 DESIGN STANDARDS OR STYLE GUIDES
4. Typography:
• Specify primary fonts for headings and body text.
• Include fallback fonts for web and print.
• Detail font sizes for different media.

5. Imagery:
• Define the style of photography, illustrations, icons, and other visual elements.
• Specify guidelines for image resolution, cropping, and use of filters.

6. Layout and Composition:

• Provide rules for grid systems, margins, padding, and alignment.
• Include examples of preferred layouts for different types of content .
 DESIGN STANDARDS OR STYLE GUIDES
7. Iconography and Symbols:
• Define the style and usage guidelines for icons and symbols.
• Ensure consistency in stroke weight, proportions, and clarity.

8. Interactive Elements:
• Guidelines for buttons, links, forms, and interactive states.

9. Accessibility:
• Ensure designs meet accessibility standards.
• Include guidelines for alt text, captions, and audio/video transcripts.
DESIGN STANDARDS OR STYLE GUIDES
 SYSTEM TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION NEEDS
Training Needs:-
1. User Training:
• Who: Identify the users who will interact with the system.
• What: Train users on how to use the system effectively for their specific roles.
• How: Offer training sessions, workshops, or online tutorials tailored to different user levels.

2. Technical Training:
• Who: Technical staff responsible for maintaining and troubleshooting the system.
• What: Provide in-depth technical training on system architecture, configuration, and
troubleshooting.
• How: Conduct hands-on workshops, provide access to technical documentation, and possibly
offer certification programs.
 SYSTEM TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION NEEDS
3. Updates and Refresher Training:
• When: Regularly scheduled sessions after updates or major changes to the system.
• What: Reinforce existing knowledge and introduce new features.
• How: Offer webinars, video tutorials, or knowledge base articles.
 SYSTEM TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION NEEDS
Documentation Needs:-
1. User Documentation:
• Content: Clear, step-by-step guides on how to perform common tasks.
• Format: PDF manuals, online help systems, or interactive tutorials.
• Accessibility: Ensure documentation is easily accessible and searchable.

2. Technical Documentation:
• Content: Detailed technical specifications, system architecture diagrams, API references, etc.
• Format: Wikis, version-controlled repositories, or dedicated platforms.
• Maintenance: Keep documentation up to date with regular reviews and updates.
 SYSTEM TRAINING AND DOCUMENTATION NEEDS
3. Troubleshooting Guides:
• Content: Common issues and their solutions, FAQs, and troubleshooting flowcharts.
• Format: PDFs, knowledge base articles, or integrated help within the system

4. Compliance and Regulatory Documentation:

• Content: Information necessary to comply with industry standards and regulations.
• Format: Often formal documents or annexes to technical manuals.
 HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS IN SCREEN DESIGN
1. User-Centered Design:
• Understanding Users: Conduct user research to understand the demographics, preferences, and
abilities of your target audience.
• User Personas: Create personas representing typical users to guide design decisions.

2. Visual Hierarchy:
• Prioritize Information: Use visual hierarchy to emphasize important elements such as primary
actions, headings, and key information.
• Readability: Ensure text is legible with appropriate font sizes, contrast, and spacing.

3. Navigation and Flow:

• Intuitive Navigation: Design clear and predictable navigation paths.
• Consistency: Maintain consistent placement of navigation elements across screens.
 HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS IN SCREEN DESIGN
4. Accessibility:
• Inclusive Design: Ensure the interface is accessible to users with disabilities.
• Accessibility Standards: Follow accessibility guidelines to enhance usability for all users.

5. Feedback and Affordances:

• Immediate Feedback: Provide visual and/or auditory feedback for user actions.
• Affordances: Design elements that suggest their functionality.

6. Error Prevention and Handling:

• Clear Error Messages: Provide meaningful error messages that help users understand and
resolve issues.
• Preventative Design: Design interfaces to minimize user errors.
 HUMAN CONSIDERATIONS IN SCREEN DESIGN
7. Responsive Design:
• Adaptability: Ensure screens are responsive to different screen sizes and devices.
• Touch Considerations: Design for touch interactions, considering touch target sizes and
spacing.

8. Emotional Design:
• Aesthetics: Use visual design elements to evoke positive emotions and create a pleasing user
experience.
• Brand Consistency: Maintain consistency with brand elements to reinforce familiarity and
trust.

9. User Testing and Iteration:

• Iterative Design: Test prototypes with users to gather feedback and refine designs iteratively.
• Usability Testing: Conduct usability tests to identify usability issues and validate design
 INTERFACE DESIGN GOALS
1. Usability:
• Objective: Ensure the interface is easy to learn, efficient to use, and satisfies user goals.
• Methods: Use user-centered design principles, conduct usability testing, and gather feedback to
refine design.
2. Intuitiveness:
• Objective: Make the interface easy to understand and navigate without the need for extensive
instructions.
• Methods: Design with familiar patterns, clear labeling, and logical flow to reduce cognitive
load.
3. Consistency:
• Objective: Maintain uniformity in design elements and behavior throughout the interface.
• Methods: Use consistent layouts, navigation patterns, color schemes, typography, and
terminology.
 INTERFACE DESIGN GOALS
4. Accessibility:
• Objective: Ensure the interface is usable by people with disabilities and diverse needs.
• Methods: Follow accessibility guidelines provide alternative text for images, and support
keyboard navigation.

5. Feedback:
• Objective: Provide clear and timely feedback to users about their actions and system status.
• Methods: Use visual cues and descriptive messages.

6. Efficiency:
• Objective: Enable users to accomplish tasks quickly and with minimal effort.
• Methods: Optimize workflows, reduce unnecessary steps, and provide shortcuts.
 INTERFACE DESIGN GOALS
7. Aesthetic Appeal:
• Objective: Create an visually appealing interface that aligns with the brand and enhances user
satisfaction.
• Methods: Use balanced layouts, appropriate color schemes, high-quality imagery, and modern
design trends.
8. Error Handling:
• Objective: Help users recover from errors smoothly and prevent errors through clear design.
• Methods: Design clear error messages, provide options to undo actions, and validate user
inputs in real-time.
9. Engagement:
• Objective: Keep users engaged and focused on their tasks by providing meaningful
interactions.
• Methods: Incorporate interactive elements, personalization options, and storytelling elements
where appropriate.
INTERFACE DESIGN GOALS
 STATISTICAL GRAPHS
• Statistical graphs are essential tools for visualizing data and presenting insights in a clear and
effective manner.
1. Bar Chart:
• Use: Compare quantities of different categories.
• Features: Bars represent categories, and the length of each bar corresponds to the value it
represents.
• Variations: Grouped bar charts and stacked bar charts.

2. Line Chart:
• Use: Show trends and changes over time.
• Features: Points connected by lines represent data points over a continuous interval.
• Variations: Multiple lines on the same chart to compare trends across different categories.
 STATISTICAL GRAPHS
3. Pie Chart:
• Use: Display parts of a whole and their proportional relationships.
• Features: Divided into slices, each representing a category or percentage of the whole.
• Considerations: Best for showing relative proportions, not suitable for precise comparisons.

4. Histogram:
• Use: Display distribution of numerical data.
• Features: Bars represent frequency or density of data within intervals along a continuous range.
• Considerations: Useful for understanding the shape and spread of data distribution.
 STATISTICAL GRAPHS
5. Scatter Plot:
• Use: Show relationship between two variables.
• Features: Points represent individual data points with x and y coordinates.
• Considerations: Useful for identifying correlations or trends between variables.

6. Box Plot (Box-and-Whisker Plot):

• Use: Summarize distribution and identify outliers in numerical data.
• Features: Displays median, quartiles, and outliers using a box and whiskers.
• Considerations: Provides a concise summary of data distribution and variability.
 STATISTICAL GRAPHS
7. Heat map:
• Use: Visualize data density and relationships between two categorical variables.
• Features: Colored squares or cells represent values with colors indicating intensity or
frequency.
• Considerations: Useful for identifying patterns and trends in large datasets.

8. Area Chart:
• Use: Show trends over time or cumulative totals.
• Features: Similar to line charts but with the area below the lines filled in.
• Considerations: Suitable for emphasizing magnitude and trends of cumulative values.