The Endocrine S Wps Office 3

THE ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
• FUNCTIONS
• THE CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES
• LIST OF ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE GLANDS
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF HORMONES AND THEIR
FUNCTIONS
• CONDITIONS THAT AFFECT ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - The endocrine system
is a complex network of glands that produce
and release hormones, which act as
chemical messengers to regulate various
bodily functions.
The main function of your endocrine system is to
release hormones into your blood while
continuously monitoring the levels.
Hormones deliver their messages by locking into

the cells they target so they can relay the
message.
You have more than 50 different hormones, and

they affect nearly all aspects of your health —
directly or indirectly.
OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
• Homeostasis - The endocrine system plays
a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis,
the body's internal balance, such as blood
pressure and blood sugar regulation, fluid
(water) and electrolyte balance and body
temperature.
• Growth and development - Hormones
produced by the endocrine system are
essential for proper growth and
development throughout life.
• Metabolism - The endocrine system
controls how your body breaks down food
and uses energy from nutrients.
• Reproduction - The endocrine system
produces hormones that regulate sexual
development, fertility, and reproductive
processes.
• Mood and behavior - The endocrine system
regulates mood and behavior by producing
hormones that act as chemical messengers,
impacting emotional and mental states.
• Stress response - Endocrine system
orchestrates a "fight-or-flight" response by
releasing hormones to prepare the body for
perceived threats, involving a complex
series of hormonal changes.
CHEMISTRY OF HORMONES
The endocrine system relies on hormones

to regulate various bodily functions, and
these hormones are primarily chemical
messengers
Peptide hormones are a class of
hormones that are produced by
specialized endocrine glands and are
made from amino acids.
Steroid hormones are a class of

hormones derived from cholesterol
and play crucial roles in the endocrine
system.
Amino acid-derived hormones, like
epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroid
hormones, play crucial roles in the
endocrine system.
These hormones are synthesized from

amino acids and influence various
physiological processes, including
metabolism, stress response, and growth.
LIST OF ENDOCRINE AND EXOCRINE
GLANDS
What is the exocrine gland?
A gland that makes substances such as

sweat, tears, saliva, milk, and digestive
juices, and releases them through a duct or
opening to a body surface.
Exocrine glands include;
Salivary glands: Salivary glands in the
mouth produce saliva, which helps with
digestion as well as lubrication and
protection of the mouth and throat.
• Sebaceous glands: Sebaceous glands on
the skin secrete oil, or sebum, which helps
lubricate and protect the skin.
Sweat glands: Sweat glands on the skin
release sweat to help control body
temperature.
Mammary glands: The mammary glands in
the breasts produce milk for chest or
breastfeeding.
•
Stomach glands: Exocrine glands in the
stomach release digestive enzymes to help
break down food, regulate stomach pH levels,
and support the absorption of nutrients.
Brunner glands: Brunner glands are in the

duodenum, which is the first section of the
small intestine. The Brunner glands secrete
mucus to protect the small intestine from
stomach acid.
The endocrine system is composed of
several glands that produce and release
hormones into the bloodstream to regulate
various body functions. Here is a list of the
major endocrine glands:
Hypothalamus – Controls many endocrine

functions by regulating the pituitary gland.
Pituitary Gland (Master gland) – Controls
other endocrine glands; divided into anterior
and posterior lobes.
Pineal Gland – Produces melatonin, which
regulates sleep patterns.
Thyroid Gland – Produces hormones like
thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
that regulate metabolism.
Parathyroid Glands – Regulate calcium

levels in the blood through the release of
parathyroid hormone (PTH).
Adrenal Glands – Located above the kidneys,
they produce hormones such as cortisol,
aldosterone, and adrenaline.
Pancreas (Endocrine function) – Produces insulin
and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Ovaries (in females) – Produce estrogen
and progesterone, involved in reproductive
and menstrual cycles.
Testes (in males) – Produce testosterone,

which regulates sperm production and
male characteristics.
Thymus – Plays a role in the development of the
immune system, particularly in childhood by
producing thymosin.
Hormone types and their functions:
PEPTIDE/PROTEIN HORMONES
Insulin: Lowers blood sugar.

Glucagon: Raises blood sugar.
Growth Hormone (GH): Promotes growth and
cell repair.
Oxytocin: Triggers childbirth and milk release.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH): Regulates water
balance in kidneys.
STEROID HORMONES
Cortisol: Manages stress, metabolism, and

reduces inflammation.
Aldosterone: Regulates sodium and
potassium for blood pressure.
Testosterone: Controls male traits and sperm
production.
Estrogen: Regulates female reproductive
cycles and bone health.
Progesterone: Prepares the uterus for
pregnancy.
AMINO ACID-DERIVED HORMONE
Thyroxine (T4): Regulates metabolism.

Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Increases heart rate in
stress (fight or flight).
Melatonin: Controls sleep-wake cycles.
EICOSANOIDS
Prostaglandins: Involved in inflammation and

pain.
Leukotrienes: Regulate immune responses and
allergies.
GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):

Stimulates egg and sperm production.
Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation

and testosterone production.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH):

Stimulates thyroid hormone production.
CONDITIONS THAT MAY AFFECT ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
1. Hormonal Imbalances - This is the most

common condition affecting the endocrine
system. It involves either too much or too little
of a specific hormone.
2. Endocrine Disruptors - These are chemicals

found in the environment that can interfere
with hormone function.
3. Stress - Can disrupt the endocrine system's delicate
balance by triggering the release of hormones like cortisol
and adrenaline, leading to imbalances that can affect
various bodily functions and increase the risk of health
problems.
4. Nutritional Deficiencies - Certain dietary deficiencies

can affect hormone production and function.
5. Lifestyle Factors - Lifestyle choices, such as diet,

exercise, and sleep habits, can influence endocrine
function.
SUMMARY OF THE TOPIC
Endocrine system release hormones to

regulate bodily functions.
•Functions of the endocrine system

- Homeostasis
- Growth and development
- Metabolism
- Reproduction
- Mood and behavior
• - Stress Response
• Hormones are chemical messengers
that affect cells in the body.
•
Three classes of hormones;

- Peptide Hormones
- Lipid-derived Hormones
- Monoamine Hormones
•• Exocrine gland is a gland that releases
substances through a duct to a body
surface.
List of Exocrine Gland
- Salivary Glands
- Sebaceous Glands
- Sweat Glands
- Mammary Glands
- Stomach Glands
- Brunner Glands
•
• Endocrine gland regulates body functions
through hormones released by glands.
List of Endocrine Gland
- Hypothalamus - Parathyroid Gland
- Pituitary Gland - Adrenal Glands
- Pancreas - Ovaries
- Thyroid Gland - Testes
- Thymus
•• Conditions that can affect the endocrine system

are hormonal imbalances, endocrine
disruptors, stress, nutritional defeciencies, and
lifestyle factors.
END OF OUR TOPIC
Thank you for listening!
REPORTER #7.
Belonio, Yvonne Grace
Boston, Joshua
Cabayao Jenelyn
BSOA 3B

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THE ENDOCRINE

Hormones deliver their messages by locking into

You have more than 50 different hormones, and

The endocrine system relies on hormones

Steroid hormones are a class of

These hormones are synthesized from

What is the exocrine gland?

A gland that makes substances such as

Brunner glands: Brunner glands are in the

Hypothalamus – Controls many endocrine

Parathyroid Glands – Regulate calcium

Testes (in males) – Produce testosterone,

Insulin: Lowers blood sugar.

Cortisol: Manages stress, metabolism, and

Thyroxine (T4): Regulates metabolism.

Prostaglandins: Involved in inflammation and

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH):

Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH):

1. Hormonal Imbalances - This is the most

2. Endocrine Disruptors - These are chemicals

4. Nutritional Deficiencies - Certain dietary deficiencies

5. Lifestyle Factors - Lifestyle choices, such as diet,

Endocrine system release hormones to

•Functions of the endocrine system

Three classes of hormones;

•• Conditions that can affect the endocrine system

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