LOGARITHMIC

FUNCTION
LOGARITH

1
MIC

FUNCTIO
A Definition of Logarithmic Function E The Common Logarithm

B Exponential to Logarithmic and vice F Antilogarithm

C versa
Evaluating Logarithmic Function G Change of Base

D The Natural Logarithm

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"Just as logarithmic functions allow us to make

sense of exponential growth, remember that in life,
you can rise to any challenge and grow
exponentially through persistence and learning."
Unknown
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What is a Logarithmic Function?

A logarithmic function is the inverse of exponential

function , where and . That is if and only if .

Note 1. A logarithm is a value of the logarithmic

: 2. A logarithmfunction.
is an
3. Anexponent.
exponential equation can be written in
logarithmic form
A
 𝑥
𝑦 =𝑏
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↓ 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

𝑥=log 𝑏 𝑦
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Exponential Logarithmic form
form
2
3
=8 log 2 8 = 3
−2 1 1
4 = log 4 =− 2
16 16

𝑏 =1
0
log 𝑏 1 =0
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 Logarithmi Exponenti
solution
c al
equation
log 𝑥 = 4
equation
4 𝑥 =81
3 3 =𝑥

8 2
log =3 3 8 𝑥 =
𝑥
27 𝑥 = 3
27

log 2 𝑥 = 4 2
4
=𝑥 𝑥 =16

1
log 𝑥
81
=−4
𝑥− 4
=
1
81
𝑥 =3

1 1 1 1
log 𝑥 = 2 1 𝑥=
81 2 𝑥 = 6561
81
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Solve for x:
A log
STAR𝑥 =7
2

log 2 𝑥 = 4

1
log 𝑥 4=
2

log 𝑥 =− 2

B
2
3
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:
Evaluate:

Evaluate:
Solve for b in the equation:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Evaluate:

C
EVALUATING LOGARITHMS
Solve for b in the equation:

C
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Evaluate:
A STAR
Evaluate:

Evaluate:
Solve for b in the equation:

C
Change of base
Formula:

FIND log 𝑏 𝑥=
log 𝑎 𝑥
log 𝑎 𝑏

𝑏 =2

𝑥 =7 log 2 7=
log 10 7
log 10 2

𝑎=10

log 2 7 =2 .807355
G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A
og
STAR 27
base. 9

G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A STAR
base.

og 64 4

G
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Simplify each of the following using change of
A STAR
base.

log 343 7

G
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Definition: If the logarithm has a base , it is called
natural logarithm. When it is written, we use the
notation . Thus, means

log 𝑒 𝑒= ln 𝑒=1

log 𝑒 1 =ln 1= 0
4
𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑒 =4 ln 𝑒= 4

D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Change each of the following to its logarithmic
form:
𝑒
0
=ln 1
1 =0 𝑒
( 𝑥 − 1)
𝑧=𝑥 − 1
=ln𝑧

2 2
𝑒
2
= 𝑥 =2
ln 𝑥 𝑒 2 𝑥 +4
ln 9=2 𝑥 + 4
=9

3
𝑒 = 𝑦= 3
ln 𝑦 𝑒
− 0.7 1
= ln
2
1
2
=− 0.7

D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Change each of the following to its exponential form:
2
ln ( 𝑥 − 4 ) = 2 ( 𝑥 − 4 ) =𝑒

ln 𝑥 − 2 𝑥 + 1 ) =− 1
( 2
( 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 + 1 ) =𝑒 − 1

1
ln ( 5 𝑥 − 7 ) = 1 / 4 ( 5 𝑥 − 7 )= 𝑒 4

ln ( 3 𝑥 − 5 ) = 2 / 3 2
3
( 3 𝑥 − 5 )= 𝑒

0
ln 1 =0 𝑒 =1

ln
1
2
=− 0.7 𝑒
− 0.7
=1 / 2 D
NATURAL LOGARITHM
Direction: Use a scientific calculator to
evaluate the following logarithms
correct up to 3 decimal places

1. 2. 3.

D
YOUR TURN TO SHINE LIKE
Convert each of the following in its exponential
A STAR
ln ( 2 𝑥 − 3 ) = 3
form
2
ln (2 𝑥 − 4 𝑥 +1 )= 5

𝑥
ln 𝑒 = 𝑥

2 𝑥 +6
ln 𝑒 =𝑥 −8

( ) =0
3
5 𝑥 −7
ln

D
2 𝑥 −1
COMMON LOGARITHM
Definition: If a logarithm has a base 10, it is called
common logarithm. The base is no longer indicated
when writing a common log. Thus, means .
We have the following important facts:
log 10 10 =log 10 =1

log 10 1= log 1= 0
5
𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 =5 log 10=5
−1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.1=log 10 =− 1
𝑙𝑜𝑔 0.001=log 10
−3
=− 3 E
EPILOGUE
Press in scientific calculator
𝑺𝑯𝑰𝑭𝑻 (−) 𝟕 𝟓 ¿ ¿

1.875061263

𝟏 . 875061263

Characteristics Mantissa
antiLOGARITHM
The inverse of the logarithm of a number,
𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( log 𝑁 ) =𝑁
Find x if
𝟏𝟎 𝒙 𝒚
𝟑.𝟓𝟐 ¿
𝑥 =𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 3.52=3311.31

Hence,

F
CS4: general
mathematics
SAMUEL CHRISTIAN
MR. ANGELO S. REYES
MS.COLLEGE
LIANNE T. DEJERO
MR. LEANDRO ALBERTO
Review activity
Decode the message below by solving the following,
put the letter of the problem to the correct answer
below.
( 𝐺) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 : log 8 𝑥=3
( 𝐼 ) 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 : log 𝑥 6561=4
( 𝑁 ) 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 log 7 9 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶h𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒
( 𝑅 ) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑙𝑛 1
( 𝑌 ) 𝐸𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑒 log 5 5 √5

9 3/2 1.13 512 0

Th law
e
2 s

of logarithms
The laws of logarithms
For any base 𝑏,
log𝑏 𝑏 = 1
log𝑏 1 = 0
log𝑏 𝑏 = 𝑥 ሺ 𝑏 > 0,𝑏 ≠ 1ሻ
1st Law of Logarithm
𝑥

𝑏log𝑏𝑥
=𝑥

𝒍𝒏 𝒆=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟎 .𝟓 𝟏=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟕 𝟕 =¿𝟗 𝟏𝟎 𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟗 𝟓

=¿
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟖 𝟖=¿𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟓 𝟏=¿ 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝟑 𝟑𝟒 =¿𝟐𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝟐 𝟏𝟓
=¿
 𝑏 𝑏 =𝑥

log𝑏 𝑀𝑁= log𝑏 𝑀+ log𝑏 𝑁

2nd Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Products

log 2 ( 3 𝑥 )= ¿

𝑙𝑛 (5 𝑎)=¿
 𝑀
log𝑏 = log𝑏 𝑀− log𝑏 𝑁
𝑁
3rd Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Quotients

𝑥
log 15 =¿
11

𝑥
log 3 =¿
5
 log𝑏 𝑀 = 𝑎log𝑏 𝑀
𝑎
4th Law of Logarithm:
Logarithm of Power

3
log 4 9 =¿
8
log 𝑥 15 = ¿
𝑥
log 𝑒 5 =¿
Expand the following logarithms using laws of

logarithm.4 8
log 𝑥

log 4 ( 3 𝑥
25 )

2
log 𝑐 4

log 2 √7
3

2
Express the following as a single logarithm
term.
log 10 5 + log 10 20 𝑥

log 2 48 − 2 log 2 4 𝑥

1 1
log 9 + log 64
2 2

3 log 4 𝑥 + 2 log 4 𝑦
Your turn to shine like a diamond
Expand the following expression in
terms of the logarithmic factors.

log ⁡(𝑎𝑏 )
2 Express the following as a single
2 logarithm term.
𝑒
log ⁡( )
4 log 8+ log3 − log 6
3
3
log 3 ⁡( )
𝑥
1
2
[ log 𝑏 ( 𝑥 + 1 ) − log 𝑏 ( 𝑥 − 1)
Any QUESTION?
 ACTIVITY.
Study the following given:
A.
B.
C.
How A, B, and C are similar, and how
they are different?
solving logarithmic

3
equations inequalities
 LOGARITHMIC FUNCTION
A logarithmic function is a function defined by
𝒇 ( 𝒙 ) =log 𝒃 𝒙
If and only if,
for all positive real numbers 𝑥 and 𝑏, and 𝑏≠1.

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 Logarithm of a Number

𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝑵 = 𝒙
If and only if,

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 Property of Equality for
Logarithmic Equations
𝒍𝒐𝒈 𝒃 𝑴=𝒍𝒐𝒈𝒃 𝑵
If and only if,

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EXAMPLE
Solve:
Solve:
Solve:

03
EXAMPLE
Solve:

03
EXAMPLE
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Solving logarithmic inequalities
Solve:

03
Your turn to shine like a diamond
log 10 ( 3 𝑥 + 5 )= 2

2𝑥
3 =20

log ( 𝑥 + 36 ) > log 100

2
log ( 𝑥 + 3 ) + log 2 𝑥 − log 𝑥 =3 log 2

03