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Lesson8 Onedmotion

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12 views22 pages

Lesson8 Onedmotion

Uploaded by

ceciliacrystal0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review of Constant acceleration equations:

a (or g) is the constant acceleration, x (or y) is the displacement


from the starting position, v is the velocity at time t, u is the velocity
at time t=0. If x x0 when time t 0, replace x in each equation
with ( x  x0 ) . Same for y.

𝑣 𝑥 =𝑢 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑥 𝑡 𝑣 𝑦 =𝑢 𝑦 +𝑔 𝑡
2
𝑥= 𝑥 0+ 𝑢𝑥 𝑡 + ½ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑡
2
𝑦 = 𝑦 0 +𝑢 𝑦 𝑡 + ½ 𝑔 𝑡

𝑣 2𝑥 =𝑢2𝑥 + 2 𝑎 𝑥 (𝑥 − 𝑥 0) 2 2
𝑣 𝑦 =𝑢 𝑦 +2 𝑔 ( 𝑦 − 𝑦 0 )
Lesson 8: Motion in one dimension

• Motion in one dimension, continued

• Motion with variable acceleration

• Velocity and Acceleration as a function of displacement

• Problem solving
Motion with variable acceleration
From calculus, given the position (or displacement), x, as a
function of time,

𝑑𝑥
• 𝑣 𝑥 = and
𝑑𝑡

and

• 𝑑𝑣𝑥 2
𝑑 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 = =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2
Example 4: using differentiation
Example 4: using differentiation
Example 4: using differentiation
Example 4: using differentiation
Motion with variable acceleration cont’d

 from velocity
• Finding displacement
 dx
Since v  , to get x, we integrate v
dt
i.e. 
x v dt

 T2
x area  v dt
T1
Example 5: using integration
A car moves between two sets of 1traffic lights,
stopping at both. Its speed v ms at time t s is
modelled by
1
v  t 40  t , 0 t 40
20
Find the times at which the car is stationary and
the distance between the two sets of traffic lights.
Example 5 solution

The car is stationary when v 0. Substituting this


into the expression for the speed gives
1
0  t 40  t 
20
t 0 or t 40

These are the two times when the car starts to


move away from the first set of traffic lights and
stops at the second set.
Example 5 solution
The distance between the two sets of lights is given by

40 1
Distance, x  t 40  t dt
0 20
1 40
Distance, x   (40t  t )dt
2

20 0
40
1  2 t  3
Distance, x   20t   533.3m
20  3 0
Motion with variable acceleration cont’d

 acceleration
• Finding velocity from
 dv
a
Since dt , to get v, we integrate a


v a dt
i.e.
Example 6: using integration
The acceleration of a particle, t seconds after start
is 8  6t  m / s
2

a) Find the velocity and displacement of the


particle in terms of t , given that the particle started
1
with a velocity of 2 ms

b) How far is the particle from its starting point


after 2 seconds and what is its velocity then?
Example 6 solution

a)  dv
a  8  6t
dt

v a dt (8  6t ) dt
 2
v 8t  3t  c1
But v=2 when t=0
 2 8 0   3 0   c1  c1 2
 2
v 8t  3t  2 m/s
Example 6 solution


x v dt (8t  3t  2) dt
2

 2 3
x 4t  t  2t  c2
But x=0 when t=0
 0 4 0   0   0  c2  c2 0
 2 3
x 4t  t  2t m
 2 3
b) At t=2 x 4(2 )  2  2(2) 12 m
 2
v 8(2)  3(2 )  2 6 m/s
Velocity and acceleration as function of
displacement

Using the chain rule of differentiation



 dv dv dx dv
a   v
dt dx dt dx
 dv
i.e a v
dx
Example 7
A particle moves along a straight line such that its
velocity at a distance x cm from its starting point is
10 √ 𝑥 cm/s. Show that its acceleration is uniform.
Solution
 1/2
v 10 x 10 x
 dv 1/2  1  1/2 
a v (10 x )  10 x 
dx 2 
1 1/2  1/2 2
( .10.10)( x x ) 50 cm/s
2
Example 8

 2
If v 3 x  4 x , find:

a) v when x 2m

b) a when x 2m

Solution
 2
a) Given v 3 x  4 x
 2 1
When x 2m, v  3(2)  4(2) 4 ms
Example 8

 2
If v 3 x  4 x , find:

a) v when x 2m

b) a when x 2m

Solution
 2
a) Given v 3 x  4 x
 2 1
When x 2m, v  3(2)  4(2) 4 ms
Example 8
 2
If v 3 x  4 x , find:

a) v when x 2m

b) a when x 2m
Solution
 2   dv
b) v 3 x  4 x . To find a , we use a v
dx
dv
6 x  4
dx
 dv
a v 3x 2  4 x 6 x  4 
dx
 2
when x 2m, a (12  8)(12  4) 32ms
A point to note
• When acceleration is given as a function of
displacement, 
• V is still found by using  dv
a v
dx

i.e. a  f ( x)

 dv
v  f ( x)
dx
vdv f ( x)dx
v2
f ( x)dx  C
2
Exercise

A particle moves along a straight line so that its


velocity at r m from a fixed point is given by
10
𝑣= −𝑟
𝑟
Find the acceleration when
a) r = 2
b) r = 10

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