HARDWARE

SOFTWARE
PEOPLEWARE.
PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 Computer systems have four
parts
Hardware
Software
Data
User

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PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 Hardware
Mechanical devices in the
computer
Anything that can be touched
 Software
Tellthe computer what to do
Also called a program
Thousands of programs exist

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PARTS OF THE COMPUTER
SYSTEM
 Data
Pieces
of information
Computer organize and present
data
 Users
People operating the computer
Most important part
Tell the computer what to do

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INFORMATION
PROCESSING CYCLE
Steps followed to process
data
 Input
 Processing
 Output
 Storage

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 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
 Computer Hardware
would include all the
parts of a computer.

 Computer Software
includes the programs
that are installed.. Or
the instructions for
completing tasks.
HARDWARE
 Is the collective term used to refer
to the tangible parts of the
computer.

There are basically five major

hardware components in a computer:
 Processing components
 Input devices
 Output devices
 Communication devices
 Storage devices
HARDWARE
 Processing devices
Brains of the computer
Carries out instructions from the
program
Manipulate the data
Most computers have several
processors
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Secondary processors
Processors made of silicon and
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PROCESSING
COMPONENTS
 Contain the electronic circuitry that
processes data into information
 The motherboard is where most of
the major electronics components
are located or attached to.

These include the following:

 Central processing unit (CPU)
 Interface cards
 Read-Only memory (ROM)
 Random-Access Memory (RAM)
 CPU
 Serves as the nucleus of the
processor

 It is composed of the Arithmetic and

Logic Unit (ALU) that executes all
operations and the Control Unit that
directs the flow of data and
information to and from the various
devices. It is mounted on the
motherboard along with the
electronic circuitry needed for the
computer to function
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called
the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the
Computer.
 Processor speed: The speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions. This
is usually measured in megahertz (MHz).
 Brands of Processors include:
 Pentium
 Celeron

 MAC

 AMD

 Cyrix
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
Computer chip: also called
the microprocessor may
contain an entire processing
unit.
Computer chips contain
millions of transistors. They
are small pieces of semi-
conducting material (silicon).
An integrated circuit is
embedded in the silicon.
Computers are made of many
chips on a circuit board.
INTERFACE CARDS
 Are mounted on slots that are
prefabricated on the motherboard
to allow the CPU to communicate
with other devices, like the monitor,
speakers, printers, camera and
scanner.
 These devices connect to the
processor of the computer by
plugging cables to the ports, seen at
the back of the CPU case, that come
with the cards.
INTERFACE CARDS
Types of Network Interface Cards

There are two types NIC they are, Ethernet

NIC. Wireless Network NIC.
HARDWARE
 Memory devices
Stores data or programs
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Volatile

 Stores current data and programs

 More RAM results in a faster system

 Temporarily stores all the data and

software applications that are currently

loaded in the computer

Read Only Memory (ROM)

 Permanent storage of programs

 Holds the computer boot directions

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COMPUTER MEMORY
RAM (random access
memory) stores data
that is processing.
This type of memory is
erased when the
computer is turned off.
ROM (read only
memory) contains
special instructions for
the computer to
operate.
INPUT DEVICES
Input Devices:
devices that input
information into the
computer such as a
keyboard, mouse,
scanner, and digital
camera.
INPUT DEVICES
 Allow the user to enter data into the
computer
Examples of which include the;
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Joystick
 Touchscreen
 Light/pen/stylus
 Microphone
 Scanner
 Sensors
 Digital camera
OUTPUT DEVICES
Output: devices
that output
information from
the computer such
as a printer and
monitor.
OUTPUT DEVICES
 Allow the computer to display
the information back to the
user,
 Examples of which include the;
 Monitor
 Printer
 Plotter
 Speaker
COMMUNICATION AND
NETWORK DEVICES
 Allow the computer to
communicate with other
computers, examples of which
include the modem and ethernet
cards
STORAGE DEVICES
 Allow the computer to record
information and programs for future
use. Common ones include;
 Hard disks
 Floppy disks
 Optic media (CD)
 Zip disks
 Flash drives
 Thumb disk
 Drives are used to read the data from
and store the information to most of
these storage devices
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
The hard-drive is a
mechanical storage device
typically located internally.
 Fast recording and
recovery of data
 Large storage capacity

 Magnetic

 Primary storage device

for data and programs

 Speed is measured in

R.P.M.’s (Revolutions
per minute)
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
 solid-state drive
 A solid-state
drive (SSD) is a
semiconductor-based
storage device, which
typically uses NAND
flash memory to save
persistent data.
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
(CONT’D)
CD-ROM (compact
disk read only
memory)

 An optical
device read by
a diode laser
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
(CONT’D)
Floppy diskette is
magnetic storage device
for small amounts of
data (1.44MB).

 FLASH drive is a
compact and portable
electronic storage
device.
 USB(plug and play)
supported
PORTS AND PERIPHERALS
Ports are an interface between the
computer and another peripheral device
such as a disk drive, mouse, printer,
modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive
or keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
 PORTS AND PERIPHERALS
Peripherals are
devices that plug
into a computer and
are not housed
internally.
Examples:
Printers
Scanners
Cameras
VIDEO CARDS
Video cards plug into
the motherboard and
are used to display
video.
VRAM is video memory
that enhances the
refreshment rate of the
image.
Video cards have
chipsets that can
increase the speed of
video display.
COMPUTER MEMORY
Computer memory is binary (0 or
1) (on or off).
The byte is the standard unit of
measurement.
A byte is composed of 8 bits
(binary digits).
Typical units of measurement:
 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes

 1 MB (megabyte) =1000
kilobytes or 1 million bytes
 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000

megabytes or 1 billion bytes

1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000
LAN AND WAN
LAN: are networks
usually in the same
company or building.
The Local Area Network
is connected via
telephone lines or radio
waves. Most LANs
connect workstations.
WAN: are systems of
LANs that are
connected. (Wide-area
network)
SOFTWARE
 is a set of instructions, data or
programs used to operate
computers and execute specific
tasks. It is the opposite of
hardware, which describes the
physical aspects of a computer.
Software is a generic term used to
refer to applications, scripts and
programs that run on a device.
SOFTWARE RUNS THE
MACHINE
 Tells the computer what to
do
 Reason people purchase
computers
Two types
System software
Application software

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SOFTWARE RUNS THE
MACHINE
 System software
Most important software
Operating system
 Windows XP

Network operating system (OS)

 Windows Server 2003

Utility
 Symantec AntiVirus

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MACHINE
 System software
Operating systems
like Windows, macOS,
Android and iOS are
examples of system
software.

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SOFTWARE RUNS THE
MACHINE
 Application software
Accomplishes a specific task
Most common type of software
 MS Word

Covers most common uses of

computers

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MACHINE
 Application software
 Web browsers like Firefox,
and Google Chrome, as well
as Microsoft Word and Excel,
are examples of application
software.

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PEOPLEWARE
 refers to the role people play in
technology and the development of
hardware or software. It can include
various aspects of the process such
as human interaction,
programming, productivity,
teamwork, and project
management.
EXAMPLES OF
PEOPLEWARE
• Computer Engineers.
• Software Designers.
• Assemblers.
• Technicians.
• Software Engineers.
• Server Administrator.
THE END