PARTS OF SPEECH

PARTS OF SPEECH
Words are usually divided into eight parts of
speech or word classes ,according to their use
that is according to the work they do in a
sentence.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
Kinds or Classes Of Parts of Speech
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Preposition
7. Conjunction
8. Interjection
 PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Noun
Definition
A noun is the name of a person , place or
thing.
Examples
 Akbar was a great king.
 They like to visit Islamabad.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
1. Noun
All that we can see, eat, feel or think are also
nouns.
Examples
 We can see a taxi, a mango, a cat, a child etc.
 We can feel sorrow, happy, pain etc.
 We can think life, fortune etc.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
1. Common Nouns
2. Proper Nouns
3. Abstract Nouns
4. Concrete Nouns
5. Collective Nouns
6. Possessive Nouns
7. Compound Nouns
8. Material Nouns
 KINDS OF NOUNS
1. Common Nouns:
Definition
Common noun is used to refer to general things
rather than specific examples.
A common is not normally capitalized unless it is
used at the beginning of the sentence.
Examples
 Be sure to pick a top university.
 Stack those boxes carefully
 Would you like a cookie with your coffee?
 KINDS OF NOUNS
Types of Common Nouns:
Common Nouns are grouped into two broad classes
I. Countable Noun:
A countable noun is the name of something that
can be counted. It has a singular and a plural
form.
Examples
 Your book is on the kitchen table.
 How many candles are on that birthday cake?
 You have several paintings to study in art appreciation
class?
 KINDS OF NOUNS
II. Uncountable Noun:
A uncountable noun means something
that cannot be counted. It has No plural
form.
Examples
 There is no more water in the pond.
 I need to find information about the prize
winners.
 You seem to have a high level of intelligence.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
 Please take care of your equipment.
 Let’s get rid of garbage.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
2. Proper Nouns
Definition
A proper noun is the name of a particular
name, place or thing and is written with an
initial capital letter.
Examples
 Allama Iqbal wrote many books.
 Let’s go to Lahore
 I can see Jupiter tonight.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
3. Abstract Nouns
Definition
Abstract nouns are those referring to ideas,
concepts, emotions, and other things we
can’t physically interact with .
Examples
 Success seems to come easily to certain
persons
 This issue is of great importance.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
Formation of Abstract Nouns :
From adjectives; as
Kind Kindness
Honest Honesty
From Verbs; as
Obey Obedience
Grow Growth
From Common nouns; as
Child Childhood
Slave Slavery
 KINDS OF NOUNS
4.Concrete Nouns:
Concrete nouns are words used for actual things
we can touch, see , feel and hear. Concrete
nouns can be countable , uncountable ,
collective common and proper nouns.
Examples
 Please remember to buy oranges.
 Have a seat in that chair.
 Watch out for that swarm of bees.
 Ahmad liked the stillness of the forest.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
5.Collective Nouns:
A collective noun is a word that refers to a
group. It can be either singular or plural but it
is usually used in singular.
Examples
 Our team is enjoying an unbroken winning
streak.
 There’s a pack of hyenas outside.
 Our class graduates two years from now.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
6. Possessive Nouns:
Possessive nouns convey ownership, and
often consists of short phrases. To create the
singular possessive form , most nouns just
need an apostrophe or S added to the end.
Examples
 The cat’s toy was missing.
 Mr. Ali’s coat is still hanging on back of his
chair.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
7. Compound Nouns:
Compound nouns are nouns made up of two
or more words. Some compound nouns are
hyphenated , some are not and some
combine their words to form a single word.
Examples :
Mother-in-law, Board of members,
Court-martial, Forget-me-not, Pickpocket
etc.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
a. Some compound nouns are made with
two nouns:
Examples:
i. Let’s just wait at this bus stop.
ii. I love watching fireflies on warm summer
nights.
iii. Can you please buy toothpaste.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
b. Some compound nouns are made with an
adjective and a noun:
Examples:
i. Let’s watch the full moon come up over the
mountain.
ii. Please erase the blackboard for me.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
c. Some compound nouns are made with a
verb and a noun:
Examples:
i. Be sure to add detergent to the washing
machine.
ii. What are the timings of the swimming pool.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
d. Some compound nouns are made with a
noun and a verb:
Examples:
i. He always gets up before sunrise.
e. Some compound nouns are made with a
verb and a preposition:
Examples:
ii. Checkout is at noon.
iii. Please schedule your annual check-up.
 KINDS OF NOUNS
8. Material Nouns:
Material nouns refer to material or
substances out of which things are made.
Examples :
i. Cotton dresses are very cheap and
comfortable.
ii. My mother purchased a gold ring for me.
iii. That building is built with marble.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
2. Pronoun
Definition
A pronoun is a word used instead of a noun.
Examples
 Aslam didn’t go to the office because he was
tired.
 I bought a dictionary . It is very useful.
 I talked to the students. They are very
responsible.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
3.ADJECTIVES:
Definition
It is a word that describes or clarifies a noun.
Adjectives describe nouns by giving some
information about an object’s age, color
origin or material.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
3.ADJECTIVES:
Examples:
It’s a big table. ( size )
It’s a round table. ( shape )
It’s an old table. ( age )
It’s a brown table. ( color )
It’s a lovely table. ( opinion )
It’s an English table. ( origin )
It’s a wooden table. ( material )
It’s a broken table. ( observation )
It’s a coffee table. ( purpose )
 PARTS OF SPEECH
ADJECTIVES often end with these suffixes :
able/ible adorable, invisible, responsible
al educational, illegal
an American, Mexican,
ar cellular, rectangular
ent intelligent, silent , violent
ful harmful, beautiful, thoughtful
ic/ical athletic, magical
ine masculine, feminine
ile fertile,
ive informative, talkative
less careless, homeless,
ous cautious, dangerous,
some awesome , handsome
 PARTS OF SPEECH
4.Verb
Definition
A verb is a doing word that shows an action,
an event or state. A sentence may have
either a main verb , helping verb or both.
Examples
 A physical state , to swim, to write, to walk
 A mental state, to think, to guess to consider
 A state of being , to be, to exist, to appear
 Classes of Verbs
Main Verbs and Auxiliary Verbs
Main Verbs
Definition
Main verbs are used to express actions;
something a person, an animal or a thing does
Examples
 Ahmad likes novels
 Naeem speaks English well
 All the boys study
 Classes of Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs
Definition
Auxiliary verbs occurs as modifiers of main
verbs
Examples
 Naveed is watching TV
 They have finished their work
 The letter was posted yesterday
 PARTS OF SPEECH
5. Adverb
Definition
An adverb is a word that adds meaning to a
verb, an adjective or another adverb.
Examples
 She wept bitterly
 I can do it easily
 Shahid did the work very easily
 It was an extremely difficult decision
 PARTS OF SPEECH
6. Preposition
Definition
A preposition is a word used before a noun
or pronoun to show its relationship with
another word in the sentence.
Examples
 I saw him at the bus stop
 She’s going to Lahore
 The book is placed on the table
 PARTS OF SPEECH
7. Conjunction
Definition
A conjunction is a word that joins other
words or sentences.
Examples
 Ali and Akbar are cousins.
 She went home because she was tired.
 I ran fast but missed the train .
 PARTS OF SPEECH
8. Interjection
Definition
An interjection is a word which expresses
some sudden feeling.
Examples
 Hurrah! we have won the match.
 Alas ! She is dead.
 PARTS OF SPEECH
1. https://www.english-grammar-revolution.co
m/parts-of-speech.html
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Part_of_speech