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494 Process Capability

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20 views14 pages

494 Process Capability

Uploaded by

cpettinaroli
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Process Capability

Operations Management
Dr. Ron Tibben-Lembke
Process Capability
 First question: is our process capable
of producing with as low a level of
defects as our customers require?
 The reality is not all parts are the same.
Some are bigger, some are smaller.
 We describe that variation with the
concepts of average , and standard
deviation, .
Process Capability
 Voice of the Process
» Upper, Lower Natural Limits:
» UNL / LNL = mean +/- 3 
 Voice of the Customer
» USL -- Upper Specification Limit
» LSL -- Lower Specification Limit
» completely unrelated to natural variation.
 Design tolerance:
specified size +/- 0.005 inches
 No connection between tolerance and 
Process Capability

Process Capability --
When the process is under control, is it likely
that all produced parts will fall within the
design specifications?

If the answer is yes, the process is “capable.”


If no, even when we are in control, we will be
making unacceptable parts. This is a problem.
Process Capability
Capable Not Capable

LTL UTL LTL UTL

LTL UTL LTL UTL


Process Capability

 Specs: 1.5 +/- 0.005


 Mean: 1.490 Std. Dev. = 0.002
 Are we in trouble?
Process Capability
 Summarize process potential to meet
acceptable tolerances (USL-LSL)
 Tells how well parts produced fit into specs

USL LSL USL  LSL


Cp  
UNL  LNL 6
 Cp = 1.0 means process will generate
virtually all of its output within specification
limits
Process Capability
 Specs: 1.5 +/- 0.005
» USL = 1.505
» LSL = 1.495
» USL – LSL = 0.01
 Mean: 1.490 Std. Dev. = 0.002
» UNL = 1.496
» LNL = 1.482
» UNL – LNL = 0.012
 Cp = 0.01/0.012 = 0.833
 We’re in trouble- too much variability
Capability Index

 Capability Index (Cpk) will tell the


position of the control limits relative to
the two-sided design specifications.
 C >= 1.0, process is capable
pk

 Cpk< 1.0, process is not capable


Process Capability

 Specs: 1.5 +/- 0.005


 Mean: 1.490 Std. Dev. = 0.002
 LCL = 1.49 - 3*0.002 = 1.484
 UCL = 1.49 + 0.006 = 1.496

Process
Specs

1.484 1.495 1.496 1.505


Process Capability
 Tells how well parts produced fit into specs
 X  LTL UTL  X 
C pk min  or 
 3 3 
 For our example:
 1.49  1.495 1.505  1.49 
C pk min  or
 0.006 0.006 
 Cpk= Min[ -0.833, 2.5] We’re really in trouble.
Process Capability
 Tells how well parts  m x 
produced fit into specs  
C pk C p   
 3 
 
 1.5  1.49 
C pk 0.833   
 Cpk= Min[ -0.833, 2.5]  0.006 
0.833  0.00006 ~ 0.833
We’re in big trouble.
Final Thought

IBM Canada Ltd. ordered


some parts from a new
supplier in Japan. The
acceptable quality level
allowed for 1.5% defects.
The Japanese firm sent the
order with a few parts
packaged separately, & the
following letter ...
© 1995 Corel Corp.
Final Thought

Dear IBM:
We don’t know why you
want 1.5% defective parts,
but for your convenience
we have packaged them
separately.
Sincerely, © 1995 Corel Corp.

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