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MT Design

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14 views68 pages

MT Design

Uploaded by

y3370753
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Packed Columns

• Used as contacting equipment for distillation, gas


absorption and liquid-liquid extraction
• Liq- gas contact is continuous process
• Liquid flows down where as gas flows up
• The accessories are shell, liquid distributor,
packing, packing support, gas & liquid exit and
entrance nozzles
• The performance of a packed column is very
dependent on the maintenance of good liquid and
gas distribution throughout the packed bed, and
this is an important consideration in packed-
column design.
Plate vs packed columns
Components
Packing Types
The principal requirements of a packing are that it should
• Provide a large surface area: a high interfacial area between the
gas and liquid;
• Have an open structure: low resistance to gas flow;
• Promote uniform liquid distribution on the packing surface;
• Promote uniform vapor gas flow across the column cross-section.
They can be divided into two broad classes:
1. Packings with a regular geometry, such as stacked rings, grids,
and proprietary structured packings;
2. Random packings: rings, saddles, and proprietary shapes,
which are dumped into the column and take up a random
arrangement.
Packing Size
Design of Packed Column
f2 = liquid density correction factor,
f3=Surface Tension corr. Facctor,
• depends on Dc and Z value
• We are calculating and to find which require
for Z, hence it is an iterative process
• If Dc > 0.6 m we need to consider term as 2.3
• If Z>3 we should consider as 1. z is the
packing height but not column height
To find
To find
To find
Onda’s method
Onda’s method
Column Diameter
Column internals

Packing Support
Liquid Distributors
Redistributor
Hold down plates
Liquid hold up
Wetted rates
Design of Distillation Column
=
Relative Volatility

y=
is constant with the constant temperature and
changes with the temperature
McCabe Thele Method:
McCabe Thele method
Stepwise Procedure:
1. By material Balance estimate F, , D, , W and
F=D+W
F =D+W

2. Draw the equilibrium curve and diogonal line using x-y data

3. Draw the operating line of rectifying section which passes through (, )

Equation is y = x + where is the slope and is y-intercept

4. Draw the Feed line or q line which passes from (, )

Equation is y = x + where is the slope


5. Draw the operating line of stripping section, which passes from (, ) to the
point of intersection of operating line of top section and feed line

6. Construct the triangles by drawing horizontal line on to equilibrium curve and


vertical line on to the operating line from till it reaches the

7. Count the number of triangles which is the number of ideal stages / trays
required for desired separation (n)

8. For total condenser and total re-boiler = n


For total condenser and partial re-boiler = n-1 (usual case)
For partial condenser and partial re-boiler = n-2
Murphree efficiency:
It is the measure of effectiveness of of individual stages in a distillation column. It is the
ratio of actual separation to the ideal separation

=
where, = vapor composition of leaving stage
= vapor composition of entering stage
* = equilibrium vapor composition at liquid composition at that
stage

Over all column efficiency (ⴄ) = (no of ideal trays / no of actual trays) * 100
Prob. 1
Prob. 2
Prob. 3
Prob. 4
Prob. 5
A mixture of water and ethanol containing 0.25 mole
fraction ethanol is continuously distilled in a plate
fractionating column to give overhead product of 0.75
mole fraction alcohol and a bottom product of 0.04 mole
fraction alcohol. Determine the number of theoretical
and actual stages required if the feed is liquor at its
bubble point and a reflux ratio of 2 is used. Overall
column efficiency is 75%. Equilibrium data is as follows.
x% 1.9 7.0 9.6 12.4 23 33 51 67 75 89

y% 17 39 44 47 54 58 66 73 78 89
Prob. 6

A stream aqueous methanol having 45 mole% of methanol is


to be separated into a top product having 96 mole%
methanol and a bottom liquid with 4% methanol. The feed
enters at bubble point and the operating pressure of 101.3
kPa. A reflux ratio of 1.5 is suggested. Determine the number
of ideal and real trays if the overall efficiency is 40%. On
which tray should be feed be introduce?
The equilibrium data is given below:
x 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.20 0.30

y 0 0.134 0.23 0.304 0.365 0.418 0.579 0.665

x 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.95 1

y 0.729 0.779 0.825 0.87 0.915 0.958 0.979 1


Prob. 7

A plant must distill 75 mole% methanol and water.


The overhead product is 99.9% pure methanol and
in bottom it is 0.002 mole% methanol. The feed is
at boiling point and the reflux ratio is 1.4. calculate
the number of plates and minimum reflux ratio.
x 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9

y 0.42 0.58 0.67 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.87 0.92 0.96

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