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Lesson1 Math10 W1q1arithmeticsequencesandseries 220919084054 A2d23a2a

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28 views20 pages

Lesson1 Math10 W1q1arithmeticsequencesandseries 220919084054 A2d23a2a

Uploaded by

lozaldokirk
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Arithmetic

Sequences and
Series
Arithmetic
Sequence
Arithmetic
sequence
 is a set of numbers listed in a specific order
such that the difference between succeeding
terms is constant

 is a sequence in which each term is obtained


from the preceding term by adding a common
difference.
Term  Each number in the list of the sequence and
is denoted by , …, , where is the nth term in
the sequence.
Common difference
 This is any two consecutive terms have a
constant difference of the given arithmetic
sequence and denoted by d

nth Term of an Arithmetic Sequence


n 1 2 3 4 5
f (n) 30 25 20 15 10

A+ (n-1)d

the nth the common


term difference
the first a multiple that is
term less than n
Use the formula for Arithmetic Sequence
= +(n-1)d

Example 1: Find the 47th term given the sequence of


numbers 5, 13 , 21 , 29, 37

Solution:
Given: = ; = ; n = 47 ; d = 8
= +(n-1)d
= + ( 47 - 1 ) 8
= + ( 46) 8
=
= + 368
Use the formula
d= -
Example 2: Find the 12th term in the sequence 11x-5 , 14x-2 , 17x
+1 ,
:Solutio Given: = ; = ; n = 12 ; d = (14x -2) – (11x – 5)
n
Solve for the 12th term
Solve for the common difference
= +(n-1)d
d = (14x -2) – (11x – =11x - 5 + ( 12 - 1 ) (3x + 3)
5)
d = 14x -2– 11x + 5
=11x - 5 + ( 11 ) (3x + 3)
d = 14x -2– 11x + 5
d = 14x – 11x -2 + 5 =11x - 5 + (33x + 33)
d = 3x + =11x - 5 + 33x + 33
3 = 44x + 28
= +(n-1)d
Example 3: In the arithmetic sequence 21, 16, 11, 6, …, which
term is -34
Solution:
Given: = -34 ; = 21 ; n = ? ; d = -5
Solve for number of
terms:
= +(n-1)d
= + ( n - 1 ) -5
= -5 n + 5
-21-5= -5 n
= -5 n

𝑛=12 Thus, -34 is the 12th term:


Arithmetic Means
 Also known as average, is a number calculated by
adding two numbers a and b and dividing by the
number of terms in𝑎+
the set𝑏denoted by
2
Insert an arithmetic mean between 15
and 27
= = 21

Solution 2: Solve for


d Adding the common difference, 6,
= +(n-1)d
with the first term, 15 is the
27 = + ( 3 - 1 ) d arithmetic mean. Thus, the
arithmetic mean is 15+6 = 21
27 -15= 2d
d=6
Arithmetic Series
 The sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence
given by:
= ( + )

Where is the sum of the


terms;
is the first term;
is the common difference;
n is the number of terms.
 Second formula
Example 4: Find the sum of the first 24 terms of an
arithmetic sequence where the first term is 7 and the
common difference is 5.
Find Then , find the sum.
= +(n-1)d = ( + )
= + ( 24 - 1 ) 5
= + ( 23 ) 5 = ( + )
= + 115
= (129)
= 122
= (129)

=
Example 5: Find the sum of the first 20
terms of an arithmetic sequence below
2,4,6,8,10,…
SUMMATION
NOTATION
The summation sign, , instructs
us to sum the elements of a
sequence. A typical element of the
sequence which is being summed
appears to the right of the summation
sign. The variable of summation is
represented by an index which is
placed beneath the summation sign.
The sum of the first n terms of a sequence is
represented by summation notation.
upper limit of summation
n

 a a  a
i 1
i 1 2  a3  a4    an

index of summation lower limit of summation

 1  n   (1  1)  (1  2)  (1  3)  (1  4)  (1  5)
i 1
2  3  4  5  6
20
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Example: Find the partial sum.
100

 2n  2(1)  2(2)  2(3)   2(100)


i 1
2  4  6    200

a1 a100

S100  n (a1  a100) 100 (2  200)


2 2
50(202) 10,100

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Expressing Series/Sequence
to summation notation
Steps:
1. Identify the first term, common difference and
the number of terms.
2. Substitute the given in the formula

A+ (n-1)d

3. Then, write the answer in step 2 as the general


rule
Consider the infinite sequence a1, a2, a3, . . ., ai, . . ..

1. The sum of the first n terms of the sequence is called


a finite series or the partial sum of the sequence.
n
a1 + a2 + a3 + . . . + an  ai
i 1

2. The sum of all the terms of the infinite sequence is


called an infinite series.

a1 + a2 + a3 + . . . + ai + . . .  ai
i 1

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Consider the infinite sequence a1, a2, a3, . . ., ai, . . ..

1. The sum of the first n terms of the sequence is called


a finite series or the partial sum of the sequence.
n
a1 + a2 + a3 + . . . + an  ai
i 1

2. The sum of all the terms of the infinite sequence is


called an infinite series.

a1 + a2 + a3 + . . . + ai + . . .  ai
i 1

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
 i
1 .
Example: Find the fourth partial sum of  2 5
i 1

    
4 i 1 2 3 4
1 5 1  5 1  5 1  5 1

i1
5
2 2 2 2 2

5  1   5  1   5 1   5  1 
2 4 8 16
5  5  5  5
2 4 8 16
 40  20  10  5  75
16 16 16 16 16

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Practice Exercises:
Find the um of the arithmetic sequence

1. Given the sequence of numbers 15 , 9 , 3 , -3 , -9 , …., find


the 73rd term.

2. Find the 28th term given that = -1 and d = 5

3. The seat plan of a concert venue is arranged in a


sequence. The first row has 5 sets. The seats for the
succeeding row are 3 more than the previous. If there are 42
rows, what is the seating capacity of the concert venue?

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