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    Black and Purple Geometric Designer Services Marketing Presentation - 20241002 - 142253 - 0000

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    satvik

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    Black and Purple Geometric Designer Services Marketing Presentation - 20241002 - 142253 - 0000

    Uploaded by

    satvik
    1 views15 pages

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    Black and Purple Geometric Designer Services Marketing Presentation_20241002_142253_0000

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    1 views15 pages

    Black and Purple Geometric Designer Services Marketing Presentation - 20241002 - 142253 - 0000

    Uploaded by

    satvik

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 15

    ANTIEMETIC

    DRUGS
    Presented by Satvik Chopra

    Roll no. 109


    INTRODUCTION TO
    ANTIEMETIC DRUGS

    Drugs used to prevent or treat nausea and vomiting.

    Common Causes of Nausea/Vomiting: Postoperative,


    chemotherapy-induced, motion sickness, gastrointestinal
    disorders.
    Classification
    DRUGS

    Hyoscine, Dicyclomine

    Anticholinergics MECHANISM
    Blocks muscarinic receptors in the vomiting
    center and vestibular system.

    USES:
    Motion sickness, postoperative nausea.
    DRUGS
    Chlorpromazine, Trifluoperazine,
    Prochlorperazine

    Neuroleptics (D2 MECHANISM

    Blockers) Dopamine receptor antagonism in the


    chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).

    USES:
    Chemotherapy-induced nausea, radiation
    sickness.
    DRUGS
    Promethazine, Diphenhydramine,
    Dimenhydrinate, Doxylamine, Meclizine

    H1 MECHANISM

    Antihistaminics Block histamine H1 receptors, preventing


    stimulation of the vomiting center

    USES:
    Motion sickness, vertigo
    DRUGS
    Metoclopramide, Domperidone, Cisapride,
    Mosapride, Itopride

    Prokinetic Drugs MECHANISM


    Enhances gastric motility and increases lower
    esophageal sphincter tone.

    USES:
    Gastroparesis, GERD, chemotherapy-induced
    nausea.
    DRUGS
    Ondansetron, Granisetron, Palonosetron,
    Ramosetron

    5-HT3 MECHANISM

    Antagonists Block serotonin receptors in the GI tract and


    CTZ.

    USES:
    Postoperative nausea, chemotherapy-induced
    nausea.
    DRUGS
    Aprepitant, Fosaprepitant

    NK1 Receptor MECHANISM

    Antagonists Inhibit substance P neuropeptide in the vomiting


    center.

    USES:
    Delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea.
    DRUGS
    Dexamethasone, Benzodiazepines, Dronabinol,
    Nabilone

    Adjuvant MECHANISM

    Antiemetics Varied mechanisms including corticosteroid


    action and GABA enhancement.

    USES:
    Chemotherapy-induced nausea, anticipatory
    nausea.
    Side
    Anticholinergics Neuroleptics (D2
    Effects
    H1
    Blockers) Antihistaminics
    Side Effects:
    Dry mouth Side Effects: Side Effects:
    Blurred vision Extrapyramidal Drowsiness
    Urinary symptoms (tremors, Dry mouth
    retention rigidity) Dizziness
    Constipation Sedation Blurred vision
    Drowsiness Hypotension Urinary retention
    Anticholinergic effects
    Hyperprolactinemia
    (long-term use)
    Side
    Prokinetic Drugs 5-HT3 Antagonists NK1 Receptor Antagonists

    Side Effects:
    Effects
    Side Effects: Side Effects:
    Extrapyramidal symptoms Headache Fatigue
    (especially metoclopramide) Constipation Hiccups
    Diarrhea Dizziness Dizziness
    Restlessness Prolonged QT interval Diarrhea
    Fatigue Fatigue Elevated liver enzymes
    Tardive dyskinesia (long-term use) (rare)
    Side
    Anticholinergics Adjuvant Antiemetics

    Effects
    Neuroleptics (D2 H1
    Blockers) Antihistaminic
    Side Effects: Side Effects:
    s
    Dry mouth Dexamethasone:
    Side Effects:
    Blurred vision Insomnia,
    Extrapyramidal Side Effects:
    Urinary hyperglycemia, fluid
    symptoms Drowsiness
    retention retention
    (tremors, Dry mouth
    Constipation Benzodiazepines:
    rigidity) Dizziness
    Drowsiness Sedation,
    Sedation Blurred vision
    dependence, memory
    Hypotension Urinary
    impairment
    Anticholinergic retention
    Dronabinol/Nabilone:
    effects
    Euphoria,
    Hyperprolactine
    hallucinations,
    mia (long-term
    Summary
    Antiemetic drugs play a crucial role in
    managing various causes of nausea and
    vomiting, with each class targeting
    different mechanisms in the vomiting
    reflex
    Thank you
    A presentation by Satvik Chopra (Roll no.
    109)

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