Research
Research
Research
TECHNIQUES
Altarejos, Mark Janriel
Cendana, Mae Ann
Cendana, Mark Jay
Danao, Roselyn
Dalanon, Glocel
Malinao, Christine
Descriptive Statistics
- it used in describing a set of data.
This includes frequency count,
percentage, measures of central tendency
(mean, median and mode) and measures
of variability (range, variance and
standard deviation).
Frequency Counts
Measure of the number of times that an
event or observation occurs.
Percentage
A part of a whole expressed in
hundredths.
Mean
The average of the set of numbers.
Median
The middle most value when data are
arranged (increasing or decreasing order).
Mode
The value/s that appear/s most often.
Range
The difference between the largest and
smallest values in a set of data.
Variance
The squared value of the standard
deviation.
Standard Deviation
The measure of the dispersion of the
set of data from its mean.
Inferential Statistics
Data are analyzed from a sample to
make inferences in the larger collection of
the population. The purpose is to answer or
test the hypotheses. Hypothesis testing is,
thus, a procedure for making rational
decisions about the reality of observed facts.
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a
proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
It has two types, Null Hypothesis, and
Alternative Hypothesis.
NON-PARAMETRIC TESTS
Spearman Rho
It measures relationship between ordinal
variables. This test of correlation does not
require the stringent assumption of normality.
Chi-Square Test
It compares the expected or theoretical
frequencies of categories from a population
distribution to the observed, or actual
frequencies from a distribution to determine
whether there is a difference between what
was expected and what was observed.
Median Test
It is used to compare the median of two
independent samples.
Two-Sample Case
This is the counterpart of the t-test under
parametric test.
Multi-Sample Case
Most read Rec Used to compare
medians of samples This is a straightforward
extension of the median test for two
independent samples.
Kruskal-Wallis H-Test
It is used to compare 3 or more
independent groups. This is a nonparametric
test which does not require normal distribution.
This is an alternative for the F-test (ANOVA) in
parametric test.