Information Technology

Fundamentals of Computing
Input Devices
Input Devices

An input device is any hardware device that

sends data to a computer, allowing you to
interact with and control it. The picture shows a
Logitech trackball mouse, an example of an
input device.
The keyboard and mouse are a computer's most
commonly used or primary input devices.
However, other devices also input data into a
computer.

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OMR
• OMR or Optical Mark
Recognition, is a device capable
of capturing human marked
documents such as surveys and
tests to a digital format. For a
document to be read by the
device it needs to be in a
specified background.
OCR
• OCR (Optical Character
Recognition) is an input device
used to read a printed text. OCR
scans the text optically,
character by character, converts
them into a machine readable
code, and stores the text on the
system memory.
MICR
Magnetic Ink Card Reader
The Magnetic Ink Character
Recognition (MICR) system reads
characters printed in a special
magnetic ink into the computer. The
main users of MICR are banks. They
use it to read information from
cheques into their computers so
that the cheques can be cashed.
The bank's code number and
cheque number are printed on the
cheques with a special type of ink
that contains particles of magnetic
material that are machine readable.
Mouse
• A mouse is a small handheld
input device that controls a
computer screen's cursor or
pointer in conjunction with the
way it is moved on a flat
surface.
Joy Stick
• A joystick is a hand-held input
device used to control the
movement or actions of a digital
object on a computer screen. It
typically consists of a handle or
a lever that can be tilted or
pushed in different directions to
provide input to a computer or a
gaming console.
Bar Code
reader
• A barcode reader is an
automatic input device which is
used to scan or 'read' the
barcode on items. A barcode
reader is a handheld input
device that collects the
information from the printed
design to decode the data in the
meaningful information in the
system
Document
Scanner
• A document scanner is a device
that can digitally copy physical
objects and upload their images
to computers. It can be a
standalone machine or a
component of a larger
multipurpose gadget.
Light Pen
• A light pen is a device that uses
light-sensitive sensors to put
information on the screen with
the help of a cathode ray tube. A
light pen is used to draw text
and diagrams or select the
object with the user interface
system in the CRT monitor.
Touch Terminal
• Touch screen terminals are input
devices which enable the user to
directly interact with the
computer without additional
equipment like a keyboard.
Pointing
devices
• A pointing device is a type of
input device that allows a user
to interact with a computer by
moving a cursor on a monitor to
select icons and trigger desired
actions.
WebCam
• A webcam is an input device
that captures digital images.
These are transferred to the
computer, which moves them to
a server.
 Sensors
A sensor detects any form of movement AND responds to some
type of input from the physical environment
Function
Detects events
changes in its environment and turns it into data that a human or a
machine can evaluate
What is a keyboard?
A device with a set of alphabet keys, digit keys and function keys.

It is an input hardware device used to input text, commands and

numbers into a computer for processing.

There are wired and wireless keyboards. Also, they can be found in
the form of children toys, consoles and programmed robots.

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Images of Keyboard devices
• Game console buttons as a • Traditional Keyboard
keyboard.

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 Touch Screen Devices
TABLET Point Of Sales ATM
A tablet is a handheld A point-of-sale (POS) An ATM, or automated
computer with a touchscreen system is a software teller machine, is a self-
display that you can use to do and hardware solution service banking machine
many of the same things you that allows businesses that allows customers to
can do on a laptop, but in a perform basic banking
to process payments,
more portable and convenient transactions without the
manage inventory, and need to interact with a bank
way. track customer data. teller.
What is a Digital Camera?
A digital camera is an input device that captures images and
videos which can be stored in a computer and displayed on the
screen.

It uses an electronic image sensor to create still photographs

and record video. The optical system of a digital camera works
like a film camera, in which a typical lens and diaphragm are
used to adjust electronic image sensor lighting.

This device is used for photography and videography. It can also

create business cards, digital art and keep recordings.
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Images of Digital Camera

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What is a Remote Control ?
A remote control is a handheld device that allows the user to
manually control their electronic devices without physically
making contact with the device itself.

Some common types of remote control are Wi-Fi, radio frequency,

Infrared, and voice control, (IR). Example T.V remote

IR or infrared (IR) uses a light which flashes quickly to emit a message

which is then picked up by the device. The remote is called transmitter
and the device is called the receiver. For example, a T.V. remote.
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Images of
Remote
Controls

Infrared Wi-Fi

Wired

Voice Control Radio Frequency

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What is a Biometric System?

This is a technological information base system that uses physical

characteristics to verify a user. Think of it like a digital fingerprint lock for your
device or a secure door – your unique "biometric signature" is the key.

Capture: The system takes a unique measurement from you, like a fingerprint,
face photo, or voice recording.

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Images of Biometric
System

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What is Sound Capture ?

Sound capture devices allow a user to send audio

signals to a computer for processing, recording, or
carrying out commands. Devices such as microphones
allow users to speak to the computer in order to record
a voice message or navigate software.

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 Images of
Sound Capture

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What is Voice Response Unit?
A Voice Response Unit (VRU) is an automated telephone answering system that
consists of hardware and software that allows the caller to navigate a series of
prerecorded messages and use a menu of options via touch-tone phone buttons
or voice recognition

It is typically used by companies such as BPO call centers, such as

banks that wish to provide customers with access to accounts

The term voice Response Unit is commonly known as interactive

voice response (IVR)
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Images of Voice
Response
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OUTPUT DEVICES

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What are  Output devices are peripheral devices of
Output Devices a computer system that are used to
provide information or data to the user in
a human-readable form. These devices
take electronic data from the computer
and convert it into a form that can be
understood by humans. They are
essential for users to interact with and
make use of the information processed
by the computer.
 Monitors

 Monitor or Display: This is

the most common output
device, which provides visual
information in the form of
text, images, and videos.
Monitors come in various
types, such as CRT (Cathode
Ray Tube) and LCD (Liquid
Crystal Display).
 Printers

 Printers produce a hard copy

of documents, images, or any
other content stored digitally
on a computer. There are
different types of printers
including inkjet, laser, and
dot matrix
Types of
Printers
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 Plotter

 This specialized output

device is used for
producing high-quality
graphical images or
technical drawings, often
used in engineering and
design applications.
 Laser Printers

 A laser printer is a type of

printer that uses a laser beam
to produce high-quality text and
graphics on paper. It's a popular
choice for offi ce and home use
due to its speed, precision, and
cost-effectiveness.
Thermal printers

 A thermal printer is a type of

printer that uses heat to create
images or text on specially coat
paper. It works by selectively
heating certain areas of the
paper to create the desired
image.
 3D Printer

 A 3d Printer is a machine
allowing the creation of a
physical object from a three-
dimensional digital model,
typically by laying down many
thin layers of a material in
succession.
 Inkjet Printers

 Inkjet printers are a type

of printer that use tiny
droplets of liquid ink to
create images on paper.
They are widely used for
both text and image
printing and are popular
in homes, small offices,
and some professional
 Microfiche

Microfiche is a type of
microform, which is a
method of storing
information in a reduced,
miniaturized form. It
involves photographing and
reducing documents to a
very small size, and then
storing these miniaturized
images on flat sheets of film.
Microfiche is typically 4x6
Other Output
Devices
 Speaker


A speaker is a device that converts
electrical signals into sound waves. It is
an essential component of audio
systems, allowing us to hear recorded
or amplified sounds. An enclosure, and
electrical connections possibly
including a crossover network.
 Headphones

 Headphones are a pair of

small speakers that are worn
over or in the ears to deliver
sound directly to the
listener. They provide a
private and immersive
listening experience,
allowing individuals to enjoy
audio content without
disturbing others in their
 Earphone


Earphones, also known as
in-ear headphones or
earbuds, are small audio
devices designed to be
worn directly inside the
ears. They are compact,
portable, and provide a
personal audio
experience.
Microfil
EXAMPLES OF VISUAL OUTPUT DEVICES

m
A Micro film is an analog storage medium
using film reels which are exposed and
developed into photographic records
using a photographic process. These are
used as an alternative to paper. The
output is ‘printed’ on a roll of
film(computer output microfilm) or a
sheet of film (computer output
microfiche) rather than paper.