Computer System

Hardware
Components
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
 What is Computer Hardware?
Computer hardware is the group
of all the physical components of
a computer system.
Categories of Computer Hardware
Input devices
Processing Devices
Output Devices
Storage Devices
Network Devices
INPUT DEVICES
 INPUT DEVICES
These components are mostly
used to recognize input data that
are given by users such as text,
images, audio, and video.
 Computer Keyboard
A keyboard is the set of
typewriter-like keys that enables
you to enter data into a computer.
Types of Computer Keyboard
Standard
Laptop-size
Flexible keyboard
Handheld
Standard Keyboard
Laptop Keyboard
Flexible Keyboard
Handheld Keyboard
 Computer Mouse
A mouse is a pointing device that
detects two-dimensional motion
relative to a surface.
Types of Computer Mouse
Mechanical mouse
 Optical mouse
Touchpad
Mechanical mouse
Optical mouse
Touchpad
 Track Ball
Track ball is an input device that is
mostly used in notebook or laptop
computer, instead of a mouse.
Track Ball
 Joystick
Joystick is also a pointing device,
which is used to move the cursor
position on a monitor screen.
Joystick
 Light Pen
Light pen is a pointing device
similar to a pen. It is used to
select a displayed menu item or
draw pictures on the monitor
screen.
Light Pen
 Image Scanner
It is a device that captures images
from photographic prints, posters,
magazine pages, and similar
sources for computer editing and
display.
Image Scanner
Image Scanner
 Webcam
This device is used for capturing
images in real time , and it
connects to the computer.
Webcam
 Digitizer Tablet
A graphics drawing tablet used for
sketching new images or tracing
old ones. Also called a "graphics
tablet”.
Digitizer Tablet
 Microphone
Microphone is a device used to
input sound into a computer that
is used for various applications
such as adding sound to a
multimedia presentation or for
mixing music.
Microphone
Microphone
 Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Reader is a device used
for reading bar coded data (data
in the form of light and dark
lines), which is generally used in
labelling goods or products.
Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Readers
PROCESSING
DEVICES
 PROCESSING DEVICES
The main function of processing
devices is converting input data
into meaningful information.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU is considered as the brain of
the computer. It performs all
types of data processing
operations and controls the
operation of all parts of the
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Graphics processing unit is also a
processor that is designed for
rendering the videos and images
with good quality.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
OUTPUT DEVICES
 OUTPUT DEVICES
Output devices receive the
processed information from
processing devices, and finally
produce them into various form
such text, audio, and video.
 Computer Monitor
A monitor or a display is
an electronic visual display for
computers. The monitor comprises
of the display device, circuitry and
an enclosure.
Types of Computer Monitor
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Cathode ray tube - The first
computer monitors used cathode
ray tubes (CRTs), prior to the
advent of home computers in the
late 1970s.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
 Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD)
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is
a flat panel display, electronic
visual display, or video display that
uses the light modulating
properties of liquid crystals.
Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD)
 Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
LED monitors provide higher
contrast and better viewing angles
than LCDs but they require more
power when displaying documents
with white or bright backgrounds.
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
 Printer
A printer is a peripheral which
presents information in human
readable form, such as graphics or
text on paper or similar physical
media.
Printer
 Computer Speaker
Speaker is defined as an electrical
device used to make sound or
music louder.
Computer Speaker
STORAGE DEVICES
 STORAGE DEVICES
Storage devices store data for a
computer to use. Data storage can
either be temporary or
permanent.
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
A RAM allows data items to be
read and written in approximately
the same amount of time,
regardless of the order in which
data items are accessed.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Hard Disk Drive is used for storing
and retrieving digital information
using one or more rigid ("hard")
rapidly rotating disks (platters)
coated with magnetic material.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
 Solid-State Drive (SSD)
A solid-state drive is a solid-state
storage device that uses integrated
circuit assemblies to store data
persistently, typically using flash
memory.
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
HDD vs SSD
 DVD/CD ROM
This is a read-only disc used to
permanently store data files. DVD-
ROM discs are used to distribute large
software applications that exceed the
capacity of a CD-ROM disc.
DVD/CD ROM
 Floppy Disk Drive
This is an obsolete type of storage
composed of a thin and flexible disk. It
has a very small storage capacity of
only 1.44 Megabytes (MB)
Floppy Disk Drive
NETWORK DEVICES
 NETWORK DEVICES
A network device is a hardware
device that is used to connect
computers, and other devices
with one another.
NETWORK DEVICES
REVIEW
Standard Keyboard
Laptop Keyboard
Flexible Keyboard
Handheld Keyboard
Mechanical mouse
Optical mouse
Touchpad
Track Ball
Joystick
Light Pen
Image Scanner
Image Scanner
Webcam
Digitizer Tablet
Microphone
Microphone
Bar Code Readers
Bar Code Readers
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD)
Light-Emitting Diode (LED)
Printer
Computer Speaker
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
DVD/CD ROM
Floppy Disk Drive
NETWORK DEVICES
QUIZ
 QUIZ: IDENTIFICATION
Write the correct name of
each computer hardware
device that will be shown.
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
___________________ (RAM)
#11
____________________ (SSD)
#12
#13
#14 Optical _________
#15
#16
#17
#18
___________________ (HDD)
#19 Standard _________
#20
 The System Unit
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING
 System Unit
The main part of a desktop personal
computer. It includes the chassis, CPU,
RAM, bus,and ports, but does not
include the keyboard or monitor, or
any peripheral devices.
System Unit
 Computer Case
A computer case also known as
a computer chassis and sometimes
incorrectly referred to as the "CPU"
or "hard drive“.
 Computer Case

Cabinet Base Unit Tower System Unit

 Power Supply Unit (PSU)
A power supply unit converts
mains alternating current (AC) to
low-voltage regulated direct
current (DC) for the internal
components of a computer.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
CPU is considered as the brain of
the computer. It performs all types
of data processing operations and
controls the operation of all parts
of the computer.
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
Graphics processing unit is also a
processor that is designed for
rendering the videos and images
with good quality.
Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
A RAM allows data items to be
read and written in approximately
the same amount of time,
regardless of the order in which
data items are accessed.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
 Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Hard Disk Drive is used for storing
and retrieving digital information
using one or more rigid ("hard")
rapidly rotating disks (platters)
coated with magnetic material.
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
 DVD/CD ROM
This is a read-only disc used to
permanently store data files. DVD-
ROM discs are used to distribute large
software applications that exceed the
capacity of a CD-ROM disc.
DVD/CD ROM
 Floppy Disk Drive
This is an obsolete type of storage
composed of a thin and flexible disk. It
has a very small storage capacity of
only 1.44 Megabytes (MB)
Floppy Disk Drive
Motherboard parts and functions
 Motherboard
Motherboard - the main printed
circuit board (PCB) found in
computers and other expandable
systems.
Motherboard
Motherboard
CPU Socket
PCI Port
North Bridge
PCI Express
CMOS Battery
USB Headers
South Bridge
IDE Port
SATA Ports
RAM Slots
24-Pin ATX Power Connector
PCI Port
CMOS Battery
CPU Socket
USB Headers
IDE Port
SATA Ports
RAM Slots
Motherboard
Power Supply
Port
 CPU socket
A CPU socket or CPU slot is a
mechanical component(s) that
provides mechanical and electrical
connections between the CPU and the
printed circuit board (PCB).
CPU socket
 PCI
PCI (Peripheral Component
Interconnect) is a local computer
bus for attaching hardware
devices in a computer.
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)
 PCI Express (Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express)
PCI Express (Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express), officially
abbreviated as PCIe, is a high-speed serial
computer expansion bus standard
designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X,
and AGP bus standards.
PCI Express (Peripheral Component
Interconnect Express)
 AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
AGP is a high-speed point-to-point
channel for attaching a video card
to a computer system, primarily to
assist in the acceleration of 3D
computer graphics.
AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)
Northbridge and Southbridge
RAM Slot
 CNR
CNR (Communications and
Networking Riser) is a slot found
on certain PC motherboards and
used for specialized networking,
audio, and telephony equipment.
CNR
CMOS Battery
USB Header
 SATA and IDE ports
SATA and IDE is a computer
bus interface that connects host
bus adapters to mass storage
devices such as hard disk drives
and optical drives.
 IDE
IDE, an acronym for Integrated
Drive Electronics, is a standard type
of connection for storage devices in
a computer
IDE ports
IDE Cable
 SATA
SATA (Serial Advanced Technology
Attachment) is an interface used to
connect ATA hard drives to a
computer's motherboard.
SATA ports
SATA Cable
Front Panel Connections
Front Panel Connections
LAN Card / Sound Card
Motherboard Back Panel
CPU – Central Processing Unit RAM – Random Access Memory
SATA – Serial Advance Technology ROM – Read Only Memory
Attachment LED – Light Emitting Diode
CMOS – Complementary Metal-Oxide LCD – Liquid Crystal Display
Semiconductor
PCB – Printed Circuit Board
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics
ITX – Information Technology
PCI – Peripheral Component Interconnect Extended
PS2 – Peripheral Serial 2 PGA – Pin Grid Array
USB – Universal Serial BUS LGA – Land Grid Array
CNR – Communication and Networking Riser VGA – Video Graphic/s Array
AGP – Accelerated Graphics Port
LAN – Local Area Network
QUIZ
1
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7
QUIZ
12. AGP 15.IDE
13. SATA 16. PCI
14. CMOS 17. PS2
18. USB 22. ROM
19. LAN 23. HDMI
20. ATX 24. VGA
21. DDR 25. DVI
1
2 8
3 9
4
5 10
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7
1. PCI Port
2. PCI Express
3. CMOS Battery
4. USB Headers
5. South Bridge / Southbridge
6. IDE Port
7. SATA Ports
8. CPU Socket
9. North Bridge / Northbridge
10. RAM Slots
Motherboard
CPU Socket
PCI Port
North Bridge
PCI Express
CMOS Battery
USB Headers
South Bridge
IDE Port
SATA Ports
RAM Slots
24-Pin ATX Power Connector
SPECIAL QUIZ
9
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5 10
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1.
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1. CPU Socket
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2. South Bridge / Southbridge

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3. PCI Express
4.
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5.
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4. RAM Slots
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6.
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7.
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5. CMOS Battery
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8.
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9.
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6. SATA Ports
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7. USB Headers
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8. IDE Port
9. PCI Port
10. North Bridge / Northbridge