Python basics
Presenter ： Ziwen Cai
[email protected] 1
Programming basics
code or source code: The sequence of instructions in a program.
syntax: The set of legal structures and commands that can be
used in a particular programming language.
output: The messages printed to the user by a program.
console: The text box onto which output is printed.
Some source code editors pop up the console as an external
window,
and others contain their own console window.
2
Compiling and interpreting
Many languages require you to compile (translate) your program
into a form that the machine understands.
compile
source code byte code outpu
Hello.java execute
Hello.class t
Python is instead directly interpreted into machine instructions.
interpret
source code outpu
Hello.py t
3
The Python Interpreter
•
Python is an interpreted >>> 3 + 7
language
10
The interpreter provides
•
>>> 3 < 15
an interactive True
environment to play with
the language >>> 'print me'
'print me'
Results of expressions are
•
>>> print('print me')
printed on the screen
print me
>>>
4
Expressions
expression: A data value or set of operations to compute a value.
Examples: 1 + 4 * 3
42
Arithmetic operators we will use:
+ - * / // addition, subtraction/negation, multiplication, division
% modulus, a.k.a. remainder
** exponentiation
precedence: Order in which operations are computed.
** has a higher precedence than * / // % + -
* / // % have a higher precedence than + -
1 + 3 * 4 is 13
Parentheses can be used to force a certain order of evaluation.
(1 + 3) * 4 is 16
5
Float division
When we divide numbers with / , the quotient is always a float
number
6
Integer division (floor)
When we divide integers with // , the quotient is also an integer.
If any of the numbers is float, it returns output in float.
Examples:
35 // 5 is 7
3 52
4 ) 14 27 ) 1425
84 // 10 is 8
12 135
156 // 100 is 1 2 75
54
35 // 5.0 is 7.0 21
84 // 10.0 is 8.0
The % operator computes the remainder from an integer division.
3 43
4 ) 14 5 ) 218
12 20
2 18
15
3
7
Math commands
Python has useful commands (or called functions) for
performing calculations.
Constant Description
Command name Description
e 2.7182818...
abs(value) absolute value
pi 3.1415926...
ceil(value) rounds up
cos(value) cosine, in radians
floor(value) rounds down
log(value) logarithm, base e
log10(value) logarithm, base 10
max(value1, value2) larger of two values
min(value1, value2) smaller of two values
round(value) nearest whole number
sin(value) sine, in radians
sqrt(value) square root
To use many of these commands, you must write the following at
the top of your Python program:
from math import * 8
8
Numbers: Floating
Point
int(x) converts x to an >>> 1.23232
1.2323200000000001
integer
>>> print(1.23232)
float(x) converts x to
1.23232
a floating point >>> 1.3E7
can use type() 13000000.0
>>>int(2.0)
to see the type of
2
a variable >>>
float(2)
2.0
>>>
type(2.0) 9
Variables
variable: A named piece of memory that can store a value.
Usage:
Compute an expression's result,
store that result into a variable,
and use that variable later in the program.
assignment statement: Stores a value into a variable.
Syntax:
name = value
Examples: x = 5
gpa = 3.14
x 5 gpa 3.14
A variable that has been given a value can be used in expressions.
x + 4 is 9
Exercise: Evaluate the quadratic equation for a given a, b, and c.
10
Exercise: Quadratic equation
11
Example
>>> x = 7
>>> x
7
>>>
x+7
14
>>> x
=
'hell
o'
>>> x
'hell
o'
>>>
12
print
print() : Produces text output on the console.
Syntax:
print("Message")
print(Expression)
Prints the given text message or expression value on the console, and
moves the cursor down to the next line.
print(Item1, Item2, ..., ItemN)
Prints several messages and/or expressions on the same line.
Examples:
print("Hello, world!")
age = 45
print("You have", 65 - age, "years until retirement")
Output:
Hello, world!
You have 20 years until retirement 13
Example: print Statement
Elements separated by commas print with a space
between them
>>> print('hello')
hello
>>> print('hello',
'there')
hello there
To print without newline: print(‘hello’, end =‘’)
>>> print('hello', end = '')
hello>>>
14
input
input : Reads a string from user input.
You can assign (store) the result of input into a variable.
Example:
age = int(input("How old are you? "))
print("Your age is", age)
print("You have", 65 - age, "years until retirement")
Output:
How old are you? 53
Your age is 53
You have 12 years until retirement
Exercise: Write a Python program that prompts the user for
his/her amount of money, then reports how many Nintendo
Switches the person can afford, and how much more money
he/she will need to afford an additional Switch.
15
Input: Example
print("What's your name?")
name = input("> ")
print("What year were you born?")
birthyear = int(input("> "))
print("Hi ", name, "!", "You are ", 2022 - birthyear)
% python3 input.py
What's your name?
> Michael
What year were you
born?
>1980
Hi Michael! You are 16
Q&A
17
