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Precalculus 1-2 Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

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12 views43 pages

Precalculus 1-2 Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

Uploaded by

Mishka Rose
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1–2

Analyzing Graphs of
Functions and Relations
Determine whether 2y + 5x = 7 represents y as a
function of x.

A. y is a function of x.

B. y is not a function of x.
Determine whether the
graph represents y as a
function of x.

A. y is a function of x.

B. y is not a function of x.
Find f (–2) if f (x) = 6 – x 2.

A. 2

B. 4

C. 8

D. 10
Find

A. 3a – 2

B.

C.

D.
State the domain of .

A.

B. (–3, 3)

C.

D.
You identified functions. (Lesson 1-1)

• Use graphs of functions to estimate function values


and find domains, ranges, y-intercepts, and zeros of
functions.
• Explore symmetries of graphs, and identify even
and odd functions.
• zeros
• roots
• line symmetry
• point symmetry
• even function
• odd function
Estimate Function Values

A. ADVERTISING The function f (x) = –5x 2 + 50x


approximates the profit at a toy company, where
x represents marketing costs and f (x) represents
profit. Both costs and profits are measured in tens
of thousands of dollars. Use the graph to estimate
the profit when marketing costs are $30,000.
Confirm your estimate
algebraically.
Estimate Function Values

$30,000 is three ten thousands. The function value at


x = 3 appears to be about 100 ten thousands, so the
total profit was about $1,000,000. To confirm this
estimate algebraically, find f(3).
f(3) = 5(3)2 + 50(3) = 105, or about $1,050,000.
The graphical estimate of about $1,000,000 is
reasonable.

Answer: $1,050,000
Estimate Function Values

B. ADVERTISING The function f (x) = –5x 2 + 50x


approximates the profit at a toy company, where
x represents marketing costs and f (x) represents
profit. Both costs and profits are measured in tens
of thousands of dollars. Use the graph to estimate
marketing costs when the profit is $1,250,000.
Confirm your estimate
algebraically.
Estimate Function Values

$1,250,000 is 125 ten thousands. The value of the


function appears to reach 125 ten thousands for an
x-value of about 5. This represents an estimate of
5 ● $10,000 or $50,000. To confirm algebraically, find
f(5). f(5) = 5(5)2 + 50(5) = 125, or about $1,250,000.
The graphical estimate that marketing costs are $50,000
when the profit is $1,250,000 is reasonable.

Answer: $50,000
PROFIT A-Z Toy Boat Company found the average price
of its boats over a six month period. The average price
for each boat can be represented by the polynomial
function p (x) = –0.325x3 + 1.5x2 + 22, where x is the
month, and 0 < x ≤ 6.
Use the graph to estimate the average price of a boat in
the fourth month. Confirm you estimate algebraically.

A. $25
B. $23
C. $22
D. $20
Find Domain and Range

Use the graph of f to find the domain and range of


the function.
Find Domain and Range

Domain
• The dot at (3, 3) indicates that the domain of
f ends at 3 and includes 3.
• The arrow on the left side indicates that the graph
will continue without bound.
The domain of f is . In set-builder notation, the
domain is .
Range
The graph does not extend above y = 2, but f (x)
decreases without bound for smaller and smaller
values of x. So the range of f is .
Find Domain and Range

Answer: D:
R:
Use the graph of f to find the domain and range of
the function.
A. Domain:

Range:
B. Domain:

Range:
C. Domain:
Find y-Intercepts

A. Use the graph of the function f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 4


to approximate its y-intercept. Then find the
y-intercept algebraically.
Find y-Intercepts

Estimate Graphically
It appears that f (x) intersects the y-axis at
approximately (0, 4), so the y-intercept is about 4.
Solve Algebraically
Find f (0).
f (0) = (0)2 – 4(0) + 4 = 4.
The y-intercept is 4.

Answer: 4
Find y-Intercepts

B. Use the graph of the function g (x) =│x + 2│– 3


to approximate its y-intercept. Then find the
y-intercept algebraically.
Find y-Intercepts

Estimate Graphically
g (x) intersects the y-axis at approximately (0,1), so
the y-intercept is about 1.
Solve Algebraically
Find g (0).
g (0) = |0 + 2| – 3 or –1
The y-intercept is –1.

Answer: 1
Use the graph of the function to approximate its
y-intercept. Then find the y-intercept algebraically.

A. –1; f (0) = –1

B. 0; f (0) = 0

C. 1; f (0) = 1

D. 2; f (0) = 2
LESSON 1–2
Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

Page 19
Pb: 1 through 15 all
Find Zeros

Use the graph of f (x) = x 3 – x to approximate its


zero(s). Then find its zero(s) algebraically.
Find Zeros

Estimate Graphically
The x-intercepts appear to be at about 1, 0, and 1.
Solve Algebraically
x3 – x = 0 Let f (x) = 0.
x(x 2 – 1) = 0 Factor.
x(x – 1)(x + 1) = 0 Factor.
x = 0 or x – 1 = 0 or x + 1 = 0 Zero Product Property
x=0 x =1 x = 1 Solve for x.
The zeros of f are 0, 1, and 1.
Answer: 1, 0, 1
Use the graph of to approximate
its zero(s). Then find its zero(s) algebraically.
0 = √(x+4) -3

3 = (√(x+4)
A. –2.5
9 = x+4

B. –1 5=x

C. 5

D. 9
Test for Symmetry

A. Use the graph of the equation y = x 2 + 2 to test


for symmetry with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis,
and the origin. Support the answer numerically.
Then confirm algebraically.
Test for Symmetry

Analyze Graphically
The graph appears to be symmetric with respect to the
y-axis because for every point (x, y) on the graph,
there is a point (x, y).
Support Numerically
A table of values supports this conjecture.
Test for Symmetry

Confirm Algebraically
Because x2 + 2 is equivalent to (x)2 + 2, the graph is
symmetric with respect to the y-axis.

Answer: symmetric with respect to the y-axis


Test for Symmetry

B. Use the graph of the equation xy = –6 to test for


symmetry with respect to the x-axis, the y-axis,
and the origin. Support the answer numerically.
Then confirm algebraically.
Test for Symmetry

Analyze Graphically
The graph appears to be symmetric with respect to the
origin because for every point (x, y) on the graph,
there is a point (x, y).
Support Numerically
A table of values supports this conjecture.
Test for Symmetry

Confirm Algebraically
Because (x)(y) = 6 is equivalent to (x)(y) = 6, the
graph is symmetric with respect to the origin.

Answer: symmetric with respect to the origin


Use the graph of the equation
y = –x 3 to test for symmetry
with respect to the x-axis, the
y-axis, and the origin. Support
the answer numerically. Then
confirm algebraically.
f(-x) = -(-x)3
A. symmetric with respect to the x-axis f(-x) = -(-x)
B. symmetric with respect to the y-axis f(-x) = x3

C. symmetric with respect to the origin So

f(-x)
D. not symmetric with respect to the = -f(x)
x-axis, y-axis, or the origin
Identify Even and Odd Functions

A. Graph the function f (x) = x 2 – 4x + 4 using a


graphing calculator. Analyze the graph to
determine whether the function is even, odd, or
neither. Confirm algebraically. If even or odd,
describe the symmetry of the graph of the
function.
Identify Even and Odd Functions

It appears that the graph of the function is neither


symmetric with respect to the y-axis nor to the origin.
Test this conjecture algebraically.
f (x) = (x) 2 – 4(x) + 4 Substitute x for x.
= x 2 + 4x + 4 Simplify.

Since –f (x) = x 2 + 4x  4, the function is neither even


nor odd because f (x) ≠ f (x) or –f (x).

Answer: neither
Identify Even and Odd Functions

B. Graph the function f (x) = x 2 – 4 using a


graphing calculator. Analyze the graph to
determine whether the function is even, odd, or
neither. Confirm algebraically. If even or odd,
describe the symmetry of the graph of the
function.
Identify Even and Odd Functions

From the graph, it appears that the function is


symmetric with respect to the y-axis. Test this
conjecture algebraically.
f (x) = (x)2 – 4 Substitute x for x.
= x 2 4 Simplify.
= f (x) Original function f (x) = x 2 – 4
The function is even because f (x) = f (x).

Answer: even; symmetric with respect to the y-axis


Identify Even and Odd Functions

C. Graph the function f (x) = x 3 – 3x 2 – x + 3 using a


graphing calculator. Analyze the graph to
determine whether the function is even, odd, or
neither. Confirm algebraically. If even or odd,
describe the symmetry of the graph of the
function.
Identify Even and Odd Functions

From the graph, it appears that the function is neither


symmetric with respect to the y-axis nor to the origin.
Test this conjecture algebraically.
f (–x) = (–x) 3 – 3(–x)2 – (–x) + 3 Substitute –x for x.
= –x 3 – 3x 2 + x + 3 Simplify.
Because –f (x) = –x 3 + 3x 2 + x – 3, the function is
neither even nor odd because f (–x) ≠ f (x) or –f (x).

Answer: neither
Graph the function f (x) = x 4 – 8 using a graphing
calculator. Analyze the graph to determine
whether the graph is even, odd, or neither.
Confirm algebraically. If even or odd, describe the
symmetry of the graph of the function.

A. odd; symmetric with


respect to the origin

B. even; symmetric with


respect to the y-axis

C. neither even nor odd


LESSON 1–2
Analyzing Graphs of Functions and Relations

24 through 46 even

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