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Number System

number system and its conversions all

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33 views26 pages

Number System

number system and its conversions all

Uploaded by

doctorabbas786786
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMBE

R
SYSTEM
NUMBER SYSTEM

1 2 3 4 5
DEFINITION TYPES DETAIL CONVERSIO Q/A
N
DEFINITION
A number system is a method for
representing numbers using a set of digits
in a consistent manner. It is a way of
writing and understanding numbers. In
mathematics and computing, different
number systems are used to express
values based on a specific base. Each
position in a number has a place value,
which is determined by the base of the
number system.
TYPES

1-Binary Number System


2-Decimal Number System
3-Octal Number System
4-Hexadecimal Number System
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

The binary number system is a way of


representing numbers using only two symbols: 0
and 1. It is also known as Base 2.
KEY FEATURES OF THE BINARY NUMBER
SYSTEM
1.Base-2: The binary system is based on 2, meaning each position in a binary number
represents a power of 2.

2.Digits Used: Only 0 and 1 are used in the binary system.

3.Place Value: Each position or place in a binary number has a value based on a
power of 2 :
1. The rightmost digit represents 20 (1s place).
2. The next digit represents 21 (2s place).
3. The next digit represents 22 (4s place), and so on.

4.Example of Binary Number: Consider the binary number (1011)2.


• From right to left: 1 × 20 + 1 × 21 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 23.
• Calculating each term: 1 × 1 + 1 × 2 + 0 × 4 + 1 × 8 = (11)10 in decimal.
CONVERT 101101 TO DECIMAL ,
OCTAL , HEXADECIMAL

1. BINARY TO DECIMAL
To convert binary to decimal, we use positional values for
each bit:
(101101)2 = (1× 25) + (0× 24) + (1× 23) + (1× 22) + (0×
21) + (1× 20)
Calculating each term:
= 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 45
So, (101101)2 in decimal is (45)10
2. BINARY TO OCTAL
To convert binary to octal, the binary digits in sets of three, starting from the right. Then, convert each group to its
octal equivalent.
For 101101, we group as follows:
101 101

101 = (1× 22) + (0× 21) + (1× 20)


101 = 4 + 1 + 0 = 5

Hence , same for the other octal group,


101 = (1× 22) + (0× 21) + (1× 20)
101 = 4 + 1 + 0 = 5

Each group converted to octal:


• 101 in binary = 5 in octal
• 101 in binary = 5 in octal

So, (101101)2 in octal is (55)8


3. BINARY TO HEXADECIMAL
To convert binary to hexadecimal, group the binary digits in sets of four, starting from the right. Then, convert each
group to its hexadecimal equivalent.
For 101101, we group as follows:
(00)10 1101

0010 = (0× 23) + (0× 22) + (1× 21) + (0× 20)


0010 = 0 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 2

For second hexadecimal group,


1101 = (1× 23) + (1× 22) + (0× 21) + (1× 20)
1101 = 8 + 4 + 1 + 0 = 13

Each group converted to hexadecimal:


• 0010 in binary = 2 in hexadecimal.
• 1101 in binary = D in hexadecimal.

So, (101101)2 in hexadecimal is (2D)16


DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

The decimal number system is the most


commonly used number system. It is also
known as Base 10 because it uses ten
unique digits (0 to 9) to represent all
possible values.
KEY FEATURES OF THE DECIMAL NUMBER
SYSTEM
1.Base-10: The decimal system is based on 10, meaning each position in a number
represents a power of 10. This base indicates that there are 10 symbols (0 through 9)
used to represent values in this system.

2.Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9.

3.Place Value: Each position or place in a decimal number has a value based on a
power of 10 :
1. The rightmost digit represents 100 (1s place).
2. The next digit represents 101 (10s place).
3. The next digit represents 102 (100s place), and so on.

4.Example of Decimal Number: Consider the number (573)10


• From right to left: 3 × 100 + 7 × 101 + 5 × 102.
• Calculating each term: 3 × 1 + 7 × 10 + 5 × 100 = (573)10 in decimal.
CONVERT 213 TO BINARY ,
OCTAL , HEXADECIMAL

1. DECIMAL TO BINARY DIVISION STEP RESULT (QUOTEINT) REMAINDER

213 ÷ 2 106 1

106 ÷ 2 53 0

53 ÷ 2 26 1

26 ÷ 2 13 0

13 ÷ 2 6 1

6÷2 3 0

3÷2 1 1

Now, read the remainders from the bottom up:


11010101
So, (213)10 in binary is (11010101)2
2. DECIMAL TO OCTAL

DIVISION STEP RESULT (QUOTEINT) REMAINDER

213 ÷ 8 26 5

26 ÷ 8 3 2

Now, read the remainders from the bottom


up: 325
So, (213)10 in octal is (325)8
3. DECIMAL TO
HEXADECIMAL
DIVISION STEP RESULT (QUOTEINT) REMAINDER

213 ÷ 16 13 5

Now, read the remainders from the bottom


up: 135
So, (213)10 in hexadecimal is (D5)16
OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEM

The octal number system (also


called the base-8 number system) is
a numeral system that uses eight
symbols to represent numbers. The
digits used in the octal system are:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
KEY FEATURES OF THE OCTAL NUMBER
SYSTEM
1.Base-8: The octal system is a base-8 system, which means that each digit's position
represents a power of 8. The place values from right to left are:
81, 82, 83,…….

2.Digits Used: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7

3.Place Value: Each position or place in an octal number has a value based on a power of
8:
1. The rightmost digit represents 80 (1s place).
2. The next digit represents 81 (8s place).
3. The next digit represents 82 (64s place), and so on.

4.Example of Octal Number: Consider the number (257)8


• From right to left: 7 × 80 + 5 × 81 + 2 × 82.
• Calculating each term: 7 × 1 + 5 × 8 + 2 x 64 = (175)10 in decimal.
CONVERT 174 TO BINARY , DECIMAL ,
HEXADECIMAL

1. OCTAL TO BINARY: We know that in octal we create 3-bit


pair,
22 21 20
0 0 1

18 = 22 21 20
1 1 1

78 = 22 21 20
1 0 0

48 =

So, (174)8 in binary is (001111100)2


2. OCTAL TO DECIMAL

To convert from octal to decimal, multiply each digit by


the corresponding power of 8:

(174)8 = (1 x 82) + (7 x 81) + (4 x 80)


(174)8 = (1 x 64) + (56) + (4 x 1)
(174)8 = 124

So, (174)8 into decimal is (124)10


3. OCTAL TO HEXADECIMAL

First, we can convert the decimal result (124)10 to


hexadecimal:
1-DIVIDE BY 16
• 124 ÷ 16 = 7 , REMAINDER 12 (WHICH IS C IN
DIVISION STEP RESULT (QUOTEINT) REMAINDER

124 ÷ 16 7 12
HEXADECIMAL)

So, the hexadecimal equivalent of (174)8 is,


(174​)8 = (7C)16
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM
The hexadecimal number
system is a base-16
numbering system. The digits
used in the hexadecimal system
are:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
KEY FEATURES OF THE HEXADECIMAL
NUMBER SYSTEM
1.Base-16: Hexadecimal is a base-16 system, meaning each digit represents a power of
16.

2.Digits Used: It uses 16 symbols: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.


• The letters A through F represent the values from 10 to 15 respectively:

3.Place Value: Each position or place in a hexadecimal number has a value based on a power of
16 :
1. The rightmost digit represents 160 (1s place).
2. The next digit represents 161 (16s place).
3. The next digit represents 162 (256s place), and so on.

4.Example of Hexadecimal Number: Consider the number (2A3)16


• From right to left: 3 × 160 + 10 × 161 + 2 × 162.
• Calculating each term: 3 × 1 + 10 × 16 + 2 x 256 = (675)10 in decimal.
CONVERT F2 TO BINARY , DECIMAL , OCTAL

1. HEXADECIMAL TO BINARY: Hexadecimal is base 16, and


each hex digit corresponds to a 4-bit binary number.

23 22 21 20
F16 = 1 1 1 1

23 22 21 20
216 = 0 0 1 0

So, (F2)16 in binary is (1111 0010)2


2. HEXADECIMAL TO DECIMAL

To convert from hexadecimal to decimal, multiply each


digit by the corresponding power of 16:

(F2)16 = (15 x 161) + (2 x 160)


(F2)16 = (15 x 16) + (2 x 1)
(F2)16 = 242

So, (F2)16 into decimal is (242)10


3. HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL
To convert (F2)16 into octal, we need to go through two steps:

Step 1: Convert (F2)16 to Binary


Each hexadecimal digit corresponds to a 4-bit binary equivalent.
 F in hexadecimal = 1111 in binary
 2 in hexadecimal = 0010 in binary
So, (F2)16 in hexadecimal = (1111 0010)2 in binary.

Step 2: Convert Binary to Octal


Now, group the binary number 11110010 into groups of three bits (adding leading zeros if
necessary):
Binary number: (11110010)2
Group into triples: 011 110 010
3. HEXADECIMAL TO OCTAL

 011 = 320 2
21
1
20
1

 110 = 621 2
21
1
20
0

 010 = 22 2
21 20
0 1 0

(F2)16 in hexadecimal = (362)8 in octal.


ANY QUESTIONS ?

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