REVIEW

GUESS
WHOAT?
?
 GUESS
1. WHOAT??
Guess the person or animal
correctly.
2. There are questions behind the
pictures.
3. If your guess is correct you can
decide whether you answer or
past the question.
4. If your guess is wrong you have
no choice but to anwer the
question.
 REVIEW

GAME!?
REVIEW

?
REVIEW
 REVIEW

TISCSITSAT
TISCSITSAT
STATISTICS
REVIEW

?
REVIEW

Horse-shark
 REVIEW
Given this 9 numbers, What
is the Mode?
45 36 29 65 51 45 99
81 34
 REVIEW
Given this 9 numbers, What
is the Mode?
45 36 29 65 51 45 99
81 34
REVIEW

?
REVIEW

Penguikitten
 REVIEW
Same given as the previous
one, What is the Mean?
45 36 29 65 51 28 99
81 34
 REVIEW
Same given as the previous
one, What is the Mean?
45 36 29 65 51 45 99
81 34
Answer = 234
 INSPIRED BY

Processing
and
presenting
data
Lesson
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you will be
able to:
• Calculate statistics for sets of discrete and
continuous data; recognise when to use the
range, mean, median and mode and, for
grouped data, the modal class. Key Words
• Identify key concepts and terminology
• Statistics
related to data processing and presentation. • Mode

• Explain the significance of various data • Median

• Mean
processing techniques. • Average
• Range
• Frequency
• Class
• Modal Class
 Processing and Presenting data

The internet is full of facts and figures. Data is everywhere. People

in almost every profession gather data all the time, so they can
use it to obtain information.
How do they obtain information from data.
Many of them calculate statistics from the data. A statistic is any
number that is obtained from a set of data.
3 types of average
• Mean
• Median
• Mode
Range - It describes how spread out the data is.
 Processing and Presenting data

This set of data is the ages of a group of 20 people

12 11 15 12 13 11 13 14 12 14

11 14 11 14 12 14 14 11 14 14

You could show the ages more nearly in a

frequency table.
AGE 11 12 13 14 15
FREQUENCY 5 4 2 8 1
Why are there three different
averages?
Different averages have different uses.

Mode = most common value.

Median = middle value, when the values
are put in order
Mean = sum of all values / total number
of values
Range = largest value - smallest value
 Number of 1 2 3 4 5 6
Children
Frequency 8 26 20 9 4 5

Children,n Frequency, f nxf

1 8
2 26
3 20
4 9
5 4
6 5
Total
a. Mode -
b. Median -
c. Mean -
d. Range -
 Exercise 10.1
1. The box shows the midday Celsius temperatures, over a two-week period, in
a particular town. Find:

a. the median temperature b. the modal temperature

c. the mean temperature d. the range
7 4 4 5 8 8 8
6 6 4 4 4 -2 0

-2 , 0 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 8 , 8
a. the median temperature b. the modal temperature c. the mean temperature
=4+5/2 = 4 (most number of frequency) =-2+0+4+4+4+4+4+5+6+6+7+8+8+8
=4.5 =66/14
=4.71
d. range
= 8-(-2)
=10
Exercise 10.1
2. The median of the five numbers in the box is 10. The range is 12.
a. What is the value of x?
b. What is the mean?

10 5 15 5 x

5, 5, 10, 15, x a. What is the value of x?

= 17
Range = 12
Range = largest value - smallest value
12=x-5 b. What is the mean?
= 5+5+10+15+17/5
12+5=x
= 52 / 5
17=x =10.4
 Exercise 10.1
3. Hassan recorded the number of people in 60 passing cars.
Here are his results. Find:
a. the missing frequency b. the modal number of people in a car
a. missing frequency
c. the
People median
1 2 3 4 5 d. mean
6 28+3+7+1+1=40
Frequency 28 3 7 1 1 60-40=20

People,n Frequency, f nxf b. the modal number of people in a car

1 (the most number of value)
1 28 28
c. the median
2 20 40 Median =( (Total number of frequency) +
3 3 9 1)) / 2
= 60+1/2
4 7 28 =30.5 - located at 2
5 1 5 d. the mean
6 1 6 = total number of n x f / total frequency
=116/60
Total 60 116 =1.93
 Exercise 10.1
4. Oditi throws two dice and adds the scores.
She does this 36 times. Here are the results.
a. the mode b. the median
c. the mean d. range
Score,n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Frequency 3 0 2 4 5 4 6 8 1 1 2 36
,f
Total (n x f) 6 0 8 20 30 28 48 72 10 11 24 257
a. the mode b. the median
=9 Median =( (Total number of frequency) + 1)) / 2
= 60+1/2
b. the mean =30.5 - located at 2
= total number of n x f / total frequency
=257/36 d. range
=7.14 or 7.1 = largest value of n - smallest value of n
=12 - 2
=10
Calculating Statistics from grouped
continuous data
Sets of data with lots of values may be written in grouped frequency tables
Mass (kg) 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
Frequency 12 14 20 30 17 7
(f)

The masses are divided into six classes. Mass is a continuous

variable.
Estimate the median, the mean and the range. For example, the class
is 21-25 kg includes
You cannot find the mode, but you can find the girls with mass from
modal class. 20.5 kg to 25.5 kg.
Calculating Statistics from grouped continuous
From this table below: a. Find the modal class b. Estimate the median height
c. Estimate the mean d. Estimate the data
range
Mass (kg) 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
Frequency (f) 12 14 20 30 17 7

Mass Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf a. Find the modal class (the largest frequency)
= 31-35 kg
16-20 12
b. Estimate the median height
21-25 14 = n+1/2
=100+1/2
26-30 20 =101/2
31-35 30 =50.5 which is located at Mass 31-35
=31
36-40 17
c. Estimate the mean (Find the midpoint of each
41-45 7 class)
=___________ / 100 (frequency) =
Total 100 (total of m x f)
Calculating Statistics from grouped continuous
From this table below: a. Find the modal class b. Estimate the median height
c. Estimate the mean d. Estimate the data
range
Mass (kg) 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
Frequency (f) 12 14 20 30 17 7

Mass Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf d. Estimate the range

16-20 12 18 216 For grouped data we can only find the
largest and smallest possible value of
21-25 14 23 322 the range.
26-30 20 28 560 largest range = 45.5-15.5=30
31-35 30 33 990 smallest range = 40.5-20.5=20
36-40 17 38 646
41-45 7 43 301 The range is between 20 and 30 kg
Total 100 3035
Using statistics to compare two distributions

Suppose you have two sets of test markks or

the heights of two groups of people. How
can you compare the two sets.

One way is to find one or more of the

averages, and the range. The range will
show which of the two sets of data is more
spread
out.kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk
Using statistics to compare two distributions
These frequency tables show the masses of a
group of girls and group of boys.
Girls’ masses 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
(kg)
Frequency 12 14 20 30 17 7

Boys’ 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50

masses (kg)
Frequency 5 18 15 18 29 11 14

Calculate suitable statistics to compare the

two distributions.
Using statistics to compare two distributions
Girls’ masses 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
(kg)
Frequency 12 14 20 30 17 7
Let’s calculate for the Median of the girls’ masses:

Boys’ 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50

masses (kg)
Frequency 5 18 15 18 29 11 14
Let’s calculate for the Median of the boys’ masses:
Using statistics to compare two distributions
Girls’ masses 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
(kg)
Frequency 12 14 20 30 17 7
Let’s calculate for the Median of the girls’ masses:
=n+1/2
=100+1/2=50.5 kg in 31-35 (class boundary)
Boys’ 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50
masses (kg)
Frequency 5 18 15 18 29 11 14
Let’s calculate for the Median of the boys’ masses:
=n+1/2
=110+1/2=55.5 kg in 31-35 (class boundary)
Using statistics to compare two distributions
Girls’ masses 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45
(kg)
Frequency 12 14 20 30 17 7
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the girls:

Boys’ 16-20 21-25 26-30 31-35 36-40 41-45 46-50

masses (kg)
Frequency 5 18 15 18 29 11 14
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the boys:
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the girls:
Girls’ Masses
(kg) Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf

16-20 12
21-25 14
26-30 20
31-35 30
36-40 17
41-45 7
Total
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the girls:
Girls’ Mass Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf
Mean
16-20 12 18 216
21-25 14 23 322 =3035/100 = 30.35
26-30 20 28 560
31-35 30 33 990
36-40 17 38 646
41-45 7 43 301
Total 100 3035
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the boys:
Boys’ Masses
(kg) Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf

16-20 5
21-25 18
26-30 15
31-35 18
36-40 29
41-45 11
46-50 14
Total
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s calculate for the Mean for the boys:
Boys’ Masses
Frequency (f) Midpoint (m) mxf
(kg) Mean
16-20 5 18 90
21-25 18 23 414 =3765/110 = 34.23
26-30 15 28 420
31-35 18 33 594
36-40 29 38 1102
41-45 11 43 473
46-50 14 48 672
Total 110 3765
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Conclusion for both means:

Mean of the girls’ masses Mean of the boys’ masses

=3035/100 = 30.35 =3765/110 = 34.23

The mean show that on average, the mass of a girl is about 4 kg less
than the mass of the boy.
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s compute for the range Largest Range
Girls’ Frequenc Midpoint
mxf
= largest value from class Note:
Mass y (f) (m)
boundary (41-45) - Add .5 for the
16-20 12 18 216
smallest value from class highest class
21-25 14 23 322
boundary (16-20) boundary and
26-30 20 28 560
31-35 30 33 990 subtract .5 to
Smallest Range
36-40 17 38 646 the lowest
= smallest value from
41-45 7 43 301 class
class boundary (41-45) -
boundary
Total 100 3035 largest value from class
boundary (16-20)
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s compute for the range for the girls’ masses

Largest Range Smallest Range Note:

= largest value from class = smallest value from Add .5 for the
boundary (41-45) - class boundary (41-45) - highest class
smallest value from class largest value from class boundary and
boundary (16-20) boundary (16-20) subtract .5 to
the lowest
=45.5-15.5 =40.5-20.5 class
=30 kg =20 kg boundary
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s compute for the range Largest Range
Boys’
Masses Frequen Midpoin mxf = largest value from class Note:
cy (f) t (m)
(kg)
boundary (41-45) - Add .5 for the
16-20 5 18 90 smallest value from class highest class
21-25 18 23 414 boundary (16-20) boundary and
26-30 15 28 420 subtract .5 to
31-35 18 33 594 Smallest Range
the lowest
= smallest value from
36-40 29 38 1102 class
class boundary (41-45) -
41-45 11 43 473 boundary
largest value from class
46-50 14 48 672 boundary (16-20)
Total 110 3765
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s compute for the range for the boys’ masses

Largest Range Smallest Range Note:

= largest value from class = smallest value from Add .5 for the
boundary (46-50) - class boundary (46-50) - highest class
smallest value from class largest value from class boundary and
boundary (16-20) boundary (16-20) subtract .5 to
the lowest
=50.5-15.5 =45.5-20.5 class
=35 kg =25 kg boundary
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Let’s compute for the range for the girls’ masses

=45.5-15.5 =40.5-20.5 Note:

=30 kg =20 kg Add .5 for the
highest class
Let’s compute for the range for the boys’ masses boundary and
=50.5-15.5 =45.5-20.5 subtract .5 to
=35 kg =25 kg the lowest
Conclusion: The range for the girls is between 20 and 30 kg. class
The range for the boys is between 25 and 35 kg. boundary
Therefore, the range of the boys’ masses is estimated to be
about 5 kg more than the girls’ masses.
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Here is some information about the ages of the men and women working
in a company.
Describe the differences between the ages of the men and women.
Men Women
Mean Age
Number of 43 72 Men: 38
Employees
Women: 29
Median Age 38 29
Mean Age 39.1 30.8 Median Age
Modal age class 36-45 26-35 Men: 38
Youngest 16 18 Women: 29
Person
Oldest Person 64 52 Conclusion: Men are generally
older than women.
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
Here is some information about the ages of the men and women working
in a company.
Describe the differences between the ages of the men and women.
Men Women
Mean Age
Number of 43 72 Men: 38
Employees
Women: 29
Median Age 38 29
Mean Age 39.1 30.8 Median Age
Modal age class 36-45 26-35 Men: 38
Youngest 16 18 Women: 29
Person
Oldest Person 64 52 Conclusion: Men are generally
older than women.
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
There were 10 rehearsals for a school musical. This table shows how
many rehearsals the cast attended
Fewer than
6 6 7 8 9 10

Girls 0 0 0 5 8 12
Boys 0 2 3 5 4 6

Use an average and the range to compare the number of rehearsals

attended by the girls and boys.
Fewer than
6 6 7 8 9 10

Girls 0 0 0 5 8 12
Total 0 0 0 40 72 120
Using statistics to compare two distributions
These are the students’ marks in two quizzes.
a. Which paper was more difficult?
b. Which paper had a greater variation in marks?
Give reasons for your answer.
Paper 1 Paper 2
Number of questions 15 10
Marks available 100 100
Median 36 31
Mean 39.5 32.8
Range 28 17
Lowest Rank 10 16
 Using statistics to compare two distributions
These are the students’ marks in two quizzes.
a. Which paper was more difficult?
b. Which paper had a greater variation in marks? Explanation:
Give reasons for your answer. a. Median and Mean are lower that
Paper 1 Paper 2 means students generally scored lower. -
Paper 2
Number of 15 10
questions Low Median and mean generally means
low average and vice versa
Marks 100 100
available
Median 36 31 b. The larger range indicates more
variation scores - Paper 1
Mean 39.5 32.8
Range 28 17 Large range means high variability, a
small range means low variability in a
Lowest Rank 10 16 distribution
Using statistics to compare two distributions
These are the students’ marks in two quizzes.
a. Which paper was more difficult?
b. Which paper had a greater variation in marks?
Give reasons for your answer.
Paper 1 Paper 2
Number of questions 15 10
Marks available 100 100
Median 36 31
Mean 39.5 32.8
Range 28 17
Lowest Rank 10 16
Using statistics to compare two distributions
Students were asked to name the capital cities of 12 countries.
The table shows their result.
Correct Answers 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Number Boys 1 0 5 8 6 13 2
of
Students
Girls 0 4 0 10 12 5 1

a. How many boys and girls took part?

b. Use averages to decide whether boys or girls did better.
Using statistics to compare two distributions
a. How many boys and girls took part?
Correct 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total
Answers
Number Boys 1 0 5 8 6 13 2 35
of
Students
Total 6 0 40 72 60 143 24 345

Correct 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Total
Answers
Number Girls 0 4 0 10 12 5 1 32
of
Students
Total 0 28 0 90 120 55 12 305
Using statistics to compare two distributions
b. Use averages to decide whether boys or girls did better.

Number of Boys = 35 Number of Boys = 345/35

Number of Girls = 32 Mean=9.86

Number of Girls = 305/32

Mean=9.53

Conclusion:
Boys did better.