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17 views16 pages

Session 1

Uploaded by

jaysmith.jc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Diploma in Public

Administration

Module 3

Public Policy
Session I

• Concepts of Public Policy


• Sources & Types of Policy

10 Hours
What is Policy?

• Policy - typically described as a principle or rule to guide


decisions and achieve rational outcome(s);
– will contain the 'what' and the 'why‘
– generally adopted by the senior governance body
– term is not normally used to denote what is actually
done, this is normally referred to as either procedure
or protocol
• the 'what', the 'how', the 'where', and the 'when‘;
• where as procedures or protocols would be
developed and adopted by senior executive officers.
• Policies are the intentions that guide the use of resources
• Policies are what agencies do as they implement
regulations, legislation and programs
3
What is Public Policy?

DEFINING PUBLIC POLICY AUTHOR


The term public policy always refers Clarke E.
to the actions of government and the Cochran, et al.
intentions that determine those
actions.
Public policy is the outcome of the Clarke E.
struggle in government over who Cochran, et al.
gets what.
Whatever governments choose to do Thomas Dye
or not to do.
Public policy consists of political Charles L.
decisions for implementing programs Cochran and
to achieve societal goals. Eloise F. Malone.
Stated most simply, public policy is B. Guy
4
Peters.
the sum of government activities,
What is Public Policy?
• Attributes common to various definitions of public policy.
– it is made in the “public’s” name.
– it is generally made or initiated by government.
– it is interpreted and implemented by public and private actors.
– It is what the government intends to do.
– it is what the government chooses not to do.
– it is generated by power of political or other actors
• it emerges when A QUESTION IS PUT ON THE
GOVERNMENT’S AGENDA

5
What is Public Policy?

• To go beyond this stage, there must be, right from


the beginning, potential solutions and, more
importantly, a political will to chose one.
• There must be stakeholders interested in pursuing
the debate.

6
Objectives of Public Policy

The objectives are that Public Policy should be:


oAttainable
oFeasible
oCredible
oTechnically sound
oConsistent with govt priorities
oPolitically acceptable

7
Typology of
Public
Policies
Distributive – Allocative (Public
Health/Education)
• Kenya Vision
Redistributive – minimize disparities
2030
(Equalisation fund/CDF/Bursary)
Stabilisation – stabilize economy fiscal

interest rates/credit
Constituent – est. of govt structures
/rules and procedures
• Sectoral &
Other
Policies

8
Types of Public Policies

There are a collection of types of Public policies world over, however


for our purpose we are going to categories them into five types
namely:
•Distributive
•Redistributive
•Regulatory
•Stabilisation and
•Constituent
Types of Public Policies

DISTRIBUTIVE PUBLIC POLICIES


These type of policies are also known as allocative policies. As the
name illustrates they are resource focused, allocating the same in the
public interest and welfare. They are the most well known type of
policies associated commonly with government. These policies
transfer resources, goods and services including but not limited to :
•Public education
•Public Health
•Public socioeconomic infrastructure
Types of Public Policies

REDISTRIBUTIVE PUBLIC POLICIES


These type of policies are known for creating specific changes in
socioeconomic status favoring vulnerable members of society. They
modify the distribution of existing resources and are aimed at
minimizing disparities between income groups and or regional
differences. Examples are:
•Settlement schemes (Land redistribution)
•Equalisation fund (transfers to underserved/privilaged)
•Counstituency Development fund
•The 5% job opportunities for PWD
•Affirmative Action
Types of Public Policies

REGULATORY POLICIES
These type of policies are intent on conditioning, constraining and/or
controlling collective behaviour of persons (natural/legal i.e.
individuals/businesses). On matters such as safety, market conditions
etc. The purpose being protection of public welfare and/or interest.
Examples are:
•Zoning/physical planning (Land use)
•Building codes
•Pollution control
•Axle load
•Age of consent
Types of Public Policies

STABILISATION POLICIES
A set of measures introduced by government to stabilize the economy
these mainly use monetary and fiscal instruments. The purpose being
to maintain stable prices, full or near full employment and sustainable
economic growth
Examples are:
•Fiscal policies (govt expenditure and taxes)
•Monetary policies (market impacting interest rates and cost of
domestic credit) interest on govt paper and its impact on market cost
of credit commonly known as Central Bank Rate (CBR)
Types of Public Policies

CONSTITUENT POLICIES
Concerned with establishment of institutions (Organs, Bodies, Task
Forces, Committees of the House, Procedures, rules of conduct
Examples are:
•The Executive Orders (of the President/Governor)
•Sessional Papers
•Gazettement of Regulations by Cabinet Secretaries, Regulatory
Authorities
•Gazettement of Boards, Commissions, Commitees, Task forces
Typology of Public Policies

• Communications and Information Policy


• National Security / Defense policy
• Foreign / Domestic Policy
• Economic / Macroeconomic Policy
• Education / Human Resource Policy
• Natural Resource Management / Environmental Policy
• Health policy
• Housing policy
• Population policy
• Transportation policy
• Urban policy
• Water policy
15
For Recapp

From the Slide above,


a). Package the different Public Policies to the right shape. Justify your answer to
Colleagues. For Example Water Policy Fits into Distributive Policies.

b). As an
administrative Officer
explain your role in
Public Policy?

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