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Unit4 - Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

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35 views9 pages

Unit4 - Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Uploaded by

iakambamu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 4: Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)

Template designed by the eLearning Unit @Kab


Introduction

 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) is a fundamental concept in


computer architecture, defining the set of instructions that a
computer's processor can execute.
 The ISA serves as the interface between software and
hardware, specifying how a processor interprets and executes
machine-level instructions.

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Types of instructions

i. Data transfer instructions

ii. Data manipulation instructions

iii. Program sequencing and control instructions

iv. Input and output instructions

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explanation

 Data transfer instructions perform data transfer between the various storage places in
the computer system; that is registers, memory and I/O
 Data manipulation instructions perform operations on data and indicate the
computational capabilities for the processor. These operations can be arithmetic
operations, logical operations or shift operations.
 Program sequencing and control instructions allow the processor to make decisions,
repeat operations, and control the order in which instructions are executed.
 Input and Output instructions are used for transferring information between the
registers, memory and the input / output devices.
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Assembly Language vs. Machine Language

 Machine language is a language that can only be understood


by machines.
 Binary numbers were used in the language and code was written
by using 0s and 1s.
 Commands in the machine language are given through a
sequence of bits. If a state is true, it is depicted by one. False
aspects are depicted by 0
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Assembly Language vs. Machine Language

 Assembly language comes between the low-level and high-level


languages. In order to write a code, numbers, symbols, and abbreviations
are used. Bit sequences are not used to write the code so there is no need
to learn binary language.
 Assembler is used to convert the human-readable code into machine
language.
 The speed of execution of the code is slow in comparison to the machine
language.
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Differences between Machine Language and
Assembly Language

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Addressing modes

▪ Classifications of Addressing Modes

NOTE: Follow the above link to read about


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END

Thoughts? Suggestions?

9
Template by the eLearning Unit @Kab

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