Solid Mechanics and Machine Design

Chapter-2: Friction

Prepared by
Md. Romzan Ali
Lecturer
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Jashore University of Science & Technology
Friction
 Friction

• The maximum static friction Fs= µsN

µs = coefficient of static friction
N= Reaction force
• The kinetic-friction force Fk= µkN
µk = coefficient of kinetic friction
Problem-8.1: Determine whether the block shown is in
equilibrium and find the magnitude and direction of the
friction force when u =25˚ and P =750 N.
Problem-8.3: Determine whether the block shown is in
equilibrium and find the magnitude and direction of the
friction force when P =100 lb.
Problem-8.11: The 20-lb block A and the 30-lb block B
are supported by an incline that is held in the position
shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is
0.15 between the two blocks and zero between block B
and the incline, determine the value of ϴ for which
motion is impending.
Problem-8.13: The coefficients of friction are µs = 0.40
and µk = 0.30 between all surfaces of contact. Determine
the smallest force P required to start the 30-kg block
moving if cable AB (a) is attached as shown, (b) is
removed.
Angle of Friction
Problem-8.15: A 40-kg packing crate must be moved to the left
along the floor without tipping. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the crate and the floor is 0.35, determine
(a) the largest allowable value of , (b) the corresponding
magnitude of the force P.
Problem-8.15: A 40-kg packing crate must be moved to the left
along the floor without tipping. Knowing that the coefficient of
static friction between the crate and the floor is 0.35, determine
(a) the largest allowable value of , (b) the corresponding
magnitude of the force P.
Wedges Friction
Sample Problem-8.4: The position of the machine block B is
adjusted by moving the wedge A. Knowing that the coefficient
of static friction is 0.35 between all surfaces of contact,
determine the force P required (a) to raise block B, (b) to lower
block B.
Sample Problem-8.4: The position of the machine block B is
adjusted by moving the wedge A. Knowing that the coefficient
of static friction is 0.35 between all surfaces of contact,
determine the force P required (a) to raise block B, (b) to lower
block B.
Sample Problem-8.4: The position of the machine block B is
adjusted by moving the wedge A. Knowing that the coefficient
of static friction is 0.35 between all surfaces of contact,
determine the force P required (a) to raise block B, (b) to lower
block B.
Problem-8.52: Two 10 wedges of negligible weight are used to move
and position the 400-lb block. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.25 at all surfaces of contact, determine the smallest force
P that should be applied as shown to one of the wedges
Problem-8.52: Two 10 wedges of negligible weight are used to move
and position the 400-lb block. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.25 at all surfaces of contact, determine the smallest force
P that should be applied as shown to one of the wedges
Journal bearing Friction
Problem-8.79:The double pulley shown is attached to a
10-mm radius shaft that fits loosely in a fixed bearing.
Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the
shaft and the poorly lubricated bearing is 0.40, determine
the magnitude of the force P required to start raising the
load.
Problem-8.83:The block and tackle shown are used to raise a
150-lb load. Each Problems of the 3-in.-diameter pulleys rotates
on a 0.5-in.-diameter axle. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.20, determine the tension in each portion of the rope
as the load is slowly raised.
Problem-8.83:The block and tackle shown are used to raise a
150-lb load. Each Problems of the 3-in.-diameter pulleys rotates
on a 0.5-in.-diameter axle. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.20, determine the tension in each portion of the rope
as the load is slowly raised.
Belt Friction
Sample Problem-8.7:A hawser thrown from a ship to a pier is wrapped two
full turns around a bollard. The tension in the hawser is 7500 N; by exerting
a force of 150 N on its free end, a dockworker can just keep the hawser from
slipping. (a) Determine the coefficient of friction between the hawser and
the bollard. (b) Determine the tension in the hawser that could be resisted by
the 150-N force if the hawser were wrapped three full turns around the
bollard.
Sample Problem-8.7:A hawser thrown from a ship to a pier is wrapped
two full turns around a bollard. The tension in the hawser is 7500 N; by
exerting a force of 150 N on its free end, a dockworker can just keep the
hawser from slipping. (a) Determine the coefficient of friction between the
hawser and the bollard. (b) Determine the tension in the hawser that could
be resisted by the 150-N force if the hawser were wrapped three full turns
around the bollard.
Problem-8.103:A 300-lb block is supported by a rope that is wrapped 1 times
around a horizontal rod. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between
the rope and the rod is 0.15, determine the range of values of P for which
equilibrium is maintained.
 Home works
Problem-8.2: Determine whether the block shown is in equilibrium and find
the magnitude and direction of the friction force when u =30˚ and P =750 N.
Problem- 8.4: Determine whether the block shown is in equilibrium and find
the magnitude and direction of the friction force when P=60 lb.
Problem-8.5: Determine the smallest value of P required to (a) start the
block up the incline, (b) keep it moving up, (c) prevent it from moving down
 Home works
Problem-8.12: The 20-lb block A and the 30-lb block B are supported by an incline that
is held in the position shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.15
between all surfaces of contact, determine the value of u for which motion is impending.
Problem- 8.14: The coefficients of friction are µs = 0.40 and µk = 0.30 between all
surfaces of contact. Determine the smallest force P required to start the 30-kg block
moving if cable AB (a) is attached as shown, (b) is removed
 Home works
Problem-8.15: A 40-kg packing crate is pulled by a rope as shown. The coefficient of static
friction between the crate and the floor is 0.35. If α = 40, determine (a) the magnitude of the
force P required to move the crate, (b) whether the crate will slide or tip.
Problem- 8.53: Two 10 wedges of negligible weight are used to move and position the 400-lb
block. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction is 0.25 at all surfaces of contact,
determine the smallest force P that should be applied as shown to one of the wedges
 Home works
Problem 8.81 and 8.82: The double pulley shown is attached to a 10-mm radius shaft that
fits loosely in a fixed bearing. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between the
shaft and the poorly lubricated bearing is 0.40, determine the magnitude of the smallest force
P required to maintain equilibrium.
Problem- 8.84: The block and tackle shown are used to lower a 150-lb load. Each of the 3-
in.-diameter pulleys rotates on a 0.5-in.-diameter axle. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.20, determine the tension in each portion of the rope as the load is slowly
lowered
 Home works
Problem 8.104: A hawser is wrapped two full turns around a bollard. By exerting an 80-lb force on the free
end of the hawser, a dockworker can resist a force of 5000 lb on the other end of the hawser. Determine (a) the
coefficient of static friction between the hawser and the bollard, (b) the number of times the hawser should be
wrapped around the bollard if a 20,000-lb force is to be resisted by the same 80-lb force.
Problem- 8.105: A rope ABCD is looped over two pipes as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.25, determine (a) the smallest value of the mass m for which equilibrium is possible, (b) the
corresponding tension in portion BC of the rope.
Problem- 8.106: A rope ABCD is looped over two pipes as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static
friction is 0.25, determine (a) the largest value of the mass m for which equilibrium is possible, (b) the
corresponding tension in portion BC of the rope.
 Home works
Problem 8.120 and 8.122: cable is placed around three parallel pipes. Knowing that the coefficients of
friction are ms = 0.25 and mk = 0.20, determine (a) the smallest weight W for which equilibrium is maintained,
(b) the largest weight W that can be raised if pipe B is slowly rotated counterclockwise while pipes A and C
remain fixed.
Problem 8.121 and 8.123: A cable is placed around three parallel pipes. Two of the pipes are fixed and do not
rotate; the third pipe is slowly rotated. . Knowing that the coefficients of friction are m s = 0.25 and mk = 0.20,
determine the largest weight W that can be raised (a) if only pipe A is rotated counterclockwise, (b) if only pipe
C is rotated clockwise.