BIODIVERSITY AND Somali Das

CONSERVATION
 • The variety of life on earth that includes all
species of plants ,animals, other organisms
and the ecosystems within which they live
and interact and also the totality of genes
found in the organisms is known as
biodiversity.
• The term biodiversity coined by W.G. Rosen in
BIODIVERSITY 1985
• LEVEL OF BIODIVERSITY:
AND 1. Genetic diversity: The diversity of the
CONSERVATION organisms as a result of gene content is
known as genetic diversity.
2. Species diversity: The diversity of the
organisms at species level is known as
species diversity.
3. Ecological diversity: Diversity of organisms as a
result of different types ecosystem is known
as ecological diversity.
• TYPES OF ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
1. Alpha Diversity: Diversity of organisms
found in a small localized area is
known as alpha diversity.
2. Beta diversity: The species found in BIODIVERSITY
different habitats within the same AND
geographical region is known as beta CONSERVATION
diversity.
3. Gamma diversity: The diversity of
organisms found in different regions
of a large geographical area.
VALUES OF BIODIVERSITY
1. Productive value
2. Consumptive value
BIODIVERSITY
3. Social value.
4. Aesthetic value
AND
5. Legal value. CONSERVATION
6. Ecological value
7. Economic value.
• IMPORTANCE OF BIODIVERSITY
1. Maintaining balance of the ecosystem:
2. Provision of biological Resources
3. Social benefit
4. Biodiversity and food.
5. Biodiversity and human health
6. Biodiversity and industry
7. Biodiversity and culture.
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
• CAUSES OF LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY:
1. Habitat destruction
2. Over exploitation
3. Pollution
4. Climate change
5. Deforestation
6. Introduction of new species
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
• Key stone species: The species that form the central supportive hub
in the ecosystem, the loss of which results in a collapse in ecosystem
function as well as loss of coexisting species. Eg: Tiger, African
elephant, flying fox.

• Indicator species: The species whose presence or absence or relative

well being in a given environment is indicative of the health of
ecosystem.
• Eg: lichen is the indicator species of air pollution

• Umbrella species: The species which are typically large, require lot of
habitat, protecting large no area and other species.
Eg; The cheetah can be considered as umbrella species.
 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Definition- The mechanism by means of which protection,
preservation, management or restoration of genotype, species and
ecosystem diversity is maintained is known as biodiversity
conservation.
METHOD OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
Insitu Conservation: The method of conservation of biodiversity in the
natural habitat of the organism is known as insitu conservation.
Eg By forming National park, Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife sanctuary
Exsitu Conservation: The method of conservation of biodiversity
outside their natural habit in the man made system.
Eg : By forming zoological garden , Botanical garden, Sperm bank ,
ovum bank, seed bank.
 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
INSITU CONSERVATION METHOD
NATIONAL PARK: The area of scenic beauty of historical importance owned
by government where animals are kept and the environment is protected
from human interference and is meant for recreational purposes.
Example 1.Bandhabgarh National Park--Madhyapradesh
2.Gorumara National Park West Bengal 3.
Jaldapara and Sundarban National park West Bengal
4. Simplipal National park Orissa
5. Corbett National park Uttarakhand
6. Gir National park Gujarat
7. Kanha National park Madhyapradesh
 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
• BIOSPHERE RESERVE: A Biosphere Reserve is a voluntary,
cooperative, conservation reserve created to protect the
biological and cultural diversity of a region while promoting
sustainable economic development.
Examples:
1. Great Rann of Katch Gujarat Indian wild Ass
2. Gulf of Manner Tamil Nadu Dugong
3. Sunarban West Bengal Royal Bengal Tiger
5. Cold Desert Himachal Pradesh Snow leopard
6. Nilgiri TamilNadu, Kerala, Karnataka Lion Tailed Macaque
7. Manas Assam Golden langur, Red Panda
 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
• WILD LIFE SANCTUARY
• An area kept in natural condition where it is illegal to interfere
in anyway with natural life there and where killing and
capturing of any animal is prohibited is known as wildlife
Sanctuary.
• Example: 1.Buxa and Gorumara, Chapramari West Bengal
• 2. Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary Tripura
• 3. Chilika Bird Sanctuary Orissa
• 4. Dalma Jharkhand
• 5. Dandeli Orissa
 BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT
• The geographic areas that contain high level of species
diversity but are threatened with extinction are known as
biodiversity hotspot.
Examples 1. Western Ghats
2. Eastern Himalayas 3. Indo Burma
• ENDANGERED SPECIES
• The native species whose number is
declining due to threats and that faces a
significant risk of extinction in the near
future .
Examples of few endangered plant species: BIODIVERSITY
1. Rauvolfia serpentina
2.Nepenthes
CONSERVATION
Examples of animal species : 1.Panthera
tigris
2. Rhinoceros unicornis
3. Varanus monitor
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
• RARE SPECIES: These are the animals of small population,
geographically restricted at a localized habitat or may be
scattered widely.
Eg: Asian Golden Cat, Brown Bear, Common frog, giraffe, rock
pigeon etc.
VULNERABLE SPECIES: These species whose number is declining
in the habitat and not being recovered because of over
exploitation, extensive destruction of habitat or other
environmental disturbance.
Eg Cheetah, Dugong, Galapagos tortoise, Gaur, Mountain Zebra,
polar bear, red panda, Sloth bear, yak.
 EXTINCT SPECIES: These are the species
which cannot be found in their natural
habitat or other likely habitat.
Eg Dodo bird, Golden toad, Japanese sea lion,
woolly mammoth, Javan tiger.
RED DATA BOOK : Red data book is the name
given to a book which deals with the
threatened plants and animals of any
BIODIVERSITY
region of the world. This book is published AND
by IUCN ( International Union
for conservation of Nature and Natural CONSERVATION
Resources.)
GREEN DATA BOOK: All these useful trees in
recent years have attention of several
ecologist and environmentalist and records
of such data have been incorporated in
Green data book.