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    6.moment of Inertia

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    6.moment of Inertia

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    6.moment of inertia

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    6.moment of Inertia

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    salman.ahmed

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    Moment of inertia

    INTRODUCTION
    • Moment of inertia is the measure of resistance of the
    object against rotation w.r.t an axis, which is also called as
    “Second moment of Area” it varies from axis to axis of the
    same body.
    • The Moment Of Inertia of a beams cross-sectional area
    measures the beams' ability to resist bending.
    • The larger the Moment of Inertia the less the beam will
    bend.
    • Let us consider an irregular plane lamina of area A, whose centre of
    gravity is at distance x from the reference Y-axis and at a distance y
    from reference X-axis (Figure 10.1).
    • Moment of area about the y-axis = first moment of area.
    • If the first moment of area is multiplied by the perpendicular
    distance x, it gives Ax2 known as the second moment of area or
    moment of inertia.
    • Moment of inertia about y-axis, Iˉyy = Ax2
    • Moment of inertia about x-axis, Ixx = Ay2
    Least and greatest moment of
    inertia
    • Ix and Iy are the moment of inertia of a plane figure about x-axis and y-
    axis.
    • If Ix is greater than Iy then Ix is known as the greatest moment of
    inertia and Iy is called the least moment of inertia.
    • The unit of moment of inertia is mm4 or m4.
    Radius of gyration (‘k’ or ‘r’ )

    • It is the distance from the given axis where the whole area of a plane figure is
    assumed to be concentrated so as not to alter the moment of inertia about the
    given axis.
    • For example, the moment of inertia about axis 1–1 (Figure 10.2) is
    PARALLEL AXIS THEOREM
    • This theorem states that the “moment of inertia of plane figure about an
    axis I1–1, parallel to the centroidal axis Ix is equal to sum of moment of
    inertia about centroidal axis, i.e., Ix and the product of area of the plane
    figure and square of the distance between the two axes”.
    • Proof: Let us consider a plane figure of total area A as shown in Figure
    10.3.
    • Let Ix be the moment of inertia about the x-axis and I1–1 the moment of
    inertia about 1–1 axis.
    MOMENT OF INERTIA
    OF IMPORTANT
    FIGURES
    Rectangle
    • Let us consider a rectangular lamina of breadth b and depth d whose
    moment of inertia is to be determined. Now consider an elementary strip
    of area b.dy at a distance y from the centroidal x–x axis. The moment of
    inertia of the strip about the x–x axis = b.dy.y2.
    • Moment of inertia of the whole figure
    about the x–x axis.
    Triangle
    • Let us consider a triangular lamina of base b and depth d as shown in
    Figure 10.7. Let us consider an elementary strip of area b1 dy which is at
    a distance y from base AB.
    • Using the property of similar triangles,
    PROBLEMS ON MOMENT OF
    INERTIA
    • Steps to Solve Any Given Problem
    1. Identify the reference axes.
    If the moment of inertia of the given figure is to be computed about any given axis,
    then select that axis itself as the reference axis.
    In general, select the symmetrical axis as the reference axis. If the figure is
    unsymmetrical, select the left bottom corner of the figure as the origin.
    2. Subdivide the compound figure into known geometric shapes and identify the
    centroids of the sub-figures.
    • 3. Write the tabular format as follows and enter the values.
    where
    • Col. 1 indicates the component or sub-figure number
    • Col. 2 indicates the area of the sub-figure number
    • Col. 3 indicates the centroidal distance of the sub-figure from
    the y-reference axis
    • Col. 4 indicates the centroidal distance of the sub-figure from
    the x-reference axis
    • Col. 5 indicates the product of cells of Col. 2 and Col. 3
    • Col. 6 indicates the product of cells of Col. 2 and Col. 4.
    • Col. 7 indicates the product of cells of Col. 3 and Col. 5.
    • Col. 8 indicates the product of cells of Col. 4 and Col. 6.
    • Col. 9 indicates the moment of inertia of the sub-figure about its
    individual centroidal x-axis.
    • Col. 10 indicates the moment of inertia of the sub-figure about its
    individual centroidal y-axis.

    4. Compute the centroidal values of the given figure as


    Example 10.1
    • Find the moment of inertia along the horizontal axis and vertical axis
    passing through the centroid of a section shown in Figure 10.11.

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