3.2 Explain Cisco IOS device.

Introductions to Networks v7.0

(ITN)
Module Objectives
Module Title: Basic Switch and End Device Configuration

Module Objective: Implement initial settings including passwords, IP addressing, and default gateway
parameters on a network switch and end devices.

Topic Title Topic Objective

Explain how to access a Cisco IOS device for configuration
Cisco IOS Access
purposes.
Explain how to navigate Cisco IOS to configure network
IOS Navigation
devices.

The Command Structure Describe the command structure of Cisco IOS software.

Basic Device Configuration Configure a Cisco IOS device using CLI.

Save Configurations Use IOS commands to save the running configuration.

Ports and Addresses Explain how devices communicate across network media.

Configure IP Addressing Configure a host device with an IP address.

Verify Connectivity Verify connectivity between two end devices.

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3.2.1 Explain how to access
a Cisco IOS device for
configuration purposes.
2.1 Cisco IOS Access

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Cisco IOS Access
Operating Systems
• All end devices and network devices require an operating system
(OS).
• The portion of the OS that interacts directly with computer hardware
is known as the kernel.
• The portion that interfaces with applications and the user is known
as the shell.
• The user can interact with the shell using a command-line
interface (CLI) or a graphical user interface (GUI).

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Cisco IOS Access
Operating Systems (cont..)
• Shell - The user interface that allows
users to request specific tasks from
the computer. These requests can be
made either through the CLI or GUI
interfaces.
• Kernel - Communicates between the
hardware and software of a computer
and manages how hardware
resources are used to meet software
requirements.
• Hardware - The physical part of a
computer including underlying
electronics.

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Cisco IOS Access
Operating Systems (cont..)
 When using a CLI, the user interacts directly with the system in a text-based
environment by entering commands on the keyboard at a command prompt.
 The system executes the command, often providing textual output.

 The CLI requires very little overhead to operate. However, it does require that
the user have knowledge of the underlying command structure that controls the
system.

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Cisco IOS Access
GUI
• A GUI allows the user to interact with the
system using an environment of
graphical icons, menus, and windows.
• A GUI is more user-friendly and requires
less knowledge of the underlying
command structure that controls the
system.
• Examples of these are: Windows,
macOS, Linux KDE, Apple iOS and
Android.
• GUIs can fail, crash, or simply not
operate as specified. For these reasons,
network devices are typically accessed
through a CLI.

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Cisco IOS Access
Purpose of an OS
PC operating system enables a user to do CLI-based network operating system enables a
the following: network technician to do the following:
• Use a mouse to make selections • Use a keyboard to run CLI-based
and run programs network programs
• Use a keyboard to enter text and
• Enter text and text-based
text-based commands
commands
• View output on a monitor
• View output on a monitor

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Cisco IOS Access
Access Methods
• Console – A physical management port
used to access a device in order to
provide maintenance, such as
performing the initial configurations.
• Secure Shell (SSH) – Establishes a
secure remote CLI connection to a
device, through a virtual interface, over a
network. (Note: This is the recommended
method for remotely connecting to a
device.)

• Telnet – Establishes an insecure remote

CLI connection to a device over the
network. (Note: User authentication,
passwords and commands are sent over
the network in plaintext.)
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Cisco IOS Access
Terminal Emulation Programs
• Terminal emulation programs are used to connect to a network device by either a console
port or by an SSH/Telnet connection.
• There are several terminal emulation programs to chose from such as PuTTY, Tera Term
and SecureCRT.

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Cisco IOS Access
Class Activity
• Search and install terminal emulation programs (PuTTY,
Tera Term or SecureCRT) on your computer.
• 2.1.6 Check Your Understanding - Cisco IOS Access

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3.2.2 Explain how to navigate Cisco
IOS to configure network devices.
2.2 IOS Navigation

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IOS Navigation
Primary Command Modes
In the previous topic, you learned that all network devices require an OS and that they can be
configured using the CLI or a GUI.
Using the CLI may provide the network administrator with more precise control and flexibility
than using the GUI. This topic discusses using CLI to navigate the Cisco IOS.

User EXEC Mode:

• Allows access to only a limited number of basic monitoring
commands
• Identified by the CLI prompt that ends with the > symbol

Privileged EXEC Mode:

• Allows access to all commands and features
• Identified by the CLI prompt that ends with the # symbol

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IOS Navigation
Configuration Mode and Subconfiguration Modes

Global Configuration Mode:

• Used to access
configuration options on the
device

Line Configuration Mode:

• Used to configure console,
SSH, Telnet or AUX access

Interface Configuration Mode:

• Used to configure a switch
port or router interface
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IOS Navigation
Configuration Mode and Subconfiguration Modes (cont..)
When the CLI is used, the mode is identified by the
command-line prompt that is unique to that mode.
By default, every prompt begins with the device name.
Following the name, the remainder of the prompt
indicates the mode.
For example, the default prompt for line configuration
mode is Switch(config-line)# and the default prompt for
interface configuration mode is Switch(config-if)#.

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IOS Navigation
2.2.3 Video – IOS CLI Primary Command Modes

This video will cover the following:

• User EXEC mode
• Privilege EXEC mode
• Global Config mode

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IOS Navigation
Navigation Between IOS Modes
 Privileged EXEC Mode:

• To move from user EXEC mode to privilege

EXEC mode, use the enabled command.
 Global Configuration Mode:

• To move in and out of global configuration

mode, use the configure terminal
command. To return to privilege EXEC
mode, use the exit command.
 Line Configuration Mode:

• To move in and out of line configuration

mode, use the line command followed by
the management line type. To return to
global configuration mode, use the exit
command.
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IOS Navigation
Navigation Between IOS Modes (Cont.)
Subconfiguration Modes:
• To move out of any subconfiguration mode to
get back to global configuration mode, use
the exit command. To return to privilege
EXEC mode, use the end command or key
combination Ctrl +Z.

• To move directly from one subconfiguration

mode to another, type in the desired
subconfiguration mode command. In the
example, the command prompt changes from
(config-line)# to (config-if)#.

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IOS Navigation
2.2.5 Video – Navigation Between IOS Modes

This video will cover the following:

• enable
• disable
• configure terminal
• exit
• end
• Control + Z on keyboard
• Other commands to enter sub configuration modes

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IOS Navigation
Class Activity

2.2.7 Syntax Checker - Navigate Between IOS Modes

2.2.8 Check Your Understanding - IOS Navigation

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3.2.3 Describe the command
structure of Cisco IOS software.
2.3 The Command Structure

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The Command Structure
Basic IOS Command Structure
Each IOS command has a specific format, or syntax, and can only be executed in the appropriate mode.
The general syntax for a command, shown in the figure, is the command followed by any appropriate
keywords and arguments.
After entering each complete command, including any keywords and arguments, press the Enter key to
submit the command to the command interpreter.

• Keyword – This is a specific

parameter defined in the
operating system (in the figure, ip
protocols).

• Argument - This is not

predefined; it is a value or
variable defined by the user (in
the figure, 192.168.10.5).

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The Command Structure
IOS Command Syntax Check
A command might require one or more arguments. To determine the keywords and arguments
required for a command, refer to the command syntax.
• Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that are entered as shown.
• Italic text indicates an argument for which the user provides the value.
Convention Description
Boldface text indicates commands and keywords that you enter literally as
boldface
shown.
italics Italic text indicates arguments for which you supply values.

[x] Square brackets indicate an optional element (keyword or argument).

{x} Braces indicate a required element (keyword or argument).

Braces and vertical lines within square brackets indicate a required choice
[x {y | z }] within an optional element. Spaces are used to clearly delineate parts of the
command.

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The Command Structure
IOS Command Syntax Check (Cont.)
 The command syntax provides the pattern, or format, that must be used when
entering a command.

 The command is ping and the user-

defined argument is the ip-address of the
destination device. For example, ping
10.10.10.5.
 The command is traceroute and the
user-defined argument is the ip-
address of the destination device. For
example, traceroute 192.168.254.254.
 If a command is complex with multiple arguments, you may see it represented like this:

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The Command Structure
IOS Help Features
The IOS has two forms of help available: context-sensitive help and command
syntax check.
• Context-sensitive help enables you to • Command syntax check verifies that
quickly find answers to these questions: a valid command was entered by
• Which commands are available in each command the user.
mode? • If the interpreter cannot understand the
• Which commands start with specific characters or command being entered, it will provide
group of characters? feedback describing what is wrong with
the command.
• Which arguments and keywords are available to
particular commands?

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The Command Structure
2.3.4 Video – Context Sensitive Help and Command Syntax
Checker
This video will cover the following:
• Use the help command in user EXEC, privileged EXEC, and global config mode
• Finish commands and arguments with the help command
• Use the command syntax checker to fix syntax errors and incomplete commands

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The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts
• The IOS CLI provides hot keys and shortcuts that make configuring, monitoring, and
troubleshooting easier.
• Commands and keywords can be shortened to the minimum number of characters
that identify a unique selection. For example, the configure command can be
shortened to conf because configure is the only command that begins with conf.

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The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts (Cont.)
 The table below is a brief list of keystrokes to enhance command line editing .

Keystroke Description

Tab Completes a partial command name entry.

Backspace Erases the character to the left of the cursor.

Left Arrow or Ctrl+B Moves the cursor one character to the left.

Right Arrow or Ctrl+F Moves the cursor one character to the right.

Recalls the commands in the history buffer, beginning with

Up Arrow or Ctrl+P
the most recent commands.

Note: To see more hot keys and shortcuts refer to 2.3.5.

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The Command Structure
Hot Keys and Shortcuts (Cont.)
• When a command output produces more text
than can be displayed in a terminal window, • The table below lists commands that can
the IOS will display a “--More--” prompt. The be used to exit out of an operation.
table below describes the keystrokes that
can be used when this prompt is displayed.

Keystroke Description Keystroke Description

When in any configuration mode, ends the
Enter Key Displays the next line. Ctrl-C configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC
mode.

When in any configuration mode, ends the

Space Bar Displays the next screen. Ctrl-Z configuration mode and returns to privileged EXEC
mode.

Ends the display string, returning to All-purpose break sequence used to abort DNS
Any other key Ctrl-Shift-6
privileged EXEC mode. lookups, traceroutes, pings, etc.

Note: To see more hot keys and shortcuts refer to 2.3.5.

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The Command Structure
2.3.6 Video – Hot Keys and Shortcuts

This video will cover the following:

• Tab key (tab completion)
• Command shortening
• Up and down arrow key
• CTRL + C
• CTRL + Z
• CTRL + Shift + 6
• CTRL + R

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The Command Structure
Packet Tracer – Navigate the IOS

In this Packet Tracer, you will do the following:

• Establish Basic Connections, Access the CLI, and Explore Help

• Explore EXEC Modes

• Set the Clock

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The Command Structure
Packet Tracer - Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console
Connectivity – Physical Mode
Lab - Navigate the IOS by Using Tera Term for Console
Connectivity

In both the Packet Tracer Physical Mode activity and in the Lab, you will complete the following
objectives:
 Access a Cisco Switch through the Serial Console Port

 Display and Configure Basic Device Settings

 Access a Cisco Router Using a Mini-USB Console Cable (Note: This objective is optional in the
Lab.)

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