Real Life Functions

General Mathematics
Real Life Functions
Lesson 1
At the end of this
lesson, you are
expected to:

• o determine functions
and relations;
• o illustrate functions
through mapping
diagrams, sets and graphs;
and
• o represent real-life
situations using functions.
•☑Sets – collection of well-
defined and distinct objects,
called elements that share a
common characteristic (Grade
7 Mathematics LM, 2013).
•☑Relation – is a rule that relates
values from a set of values (called
the domain) to a second set of
values (called the range). A relation
is also a set of ordered pairs (x,y)
(General Mathematics LM, 2016).
•☑Domain – domain is the set
of all x or input values (General
Mathematics LM, 2016).
☑Range – range is the set of all
y or output values (General
Mathematics LM, 2016).
•☑Ordered Pair – is a pair of
objects taken in a specific order. An
ordered pair is written by listing
two members in a specific order,
separating them by a comma and
enclosing the pair in parentheses
(Aggarwal, 2014).
•What makes
RELATION a
FUNCTION?
•A function is a set of
ordered pairs for which every
x-value must be associated to
only one y-value (Estela,
n.d.).
Here are
some
examples of
functions
through SET
(ROSTER
NOTATION),
MAPPING
AND •Mapping - A mapping shows how the elements
GRAPHING IN are paired. It is like a flow chart for a function,
COORDINATE showing the input and output values. Any of the x-
values (domain) should not have more than one pair
SYSTEM. to consider them function (Varsity Tutors, n.d.).
•GRAPHING – functions can
be determined in graphing
also. We can use a special
kind of test which is called
the Vertical Line Test (VLT).
The method is to create
imaginary vertical lines
across the graph, if the line
hits exactly one point on the
graph, then it is a function.
 Functions in Real Life
1. Circumference of a Circle:
A circle’s circumference (C) is a function of its diameter (d) or C(d).
2. Shadow:
The length (L) of person’s shadow along the floor is a function of their height (h) or
L(h).
3. Driving a Car:
When driving a car, your location (D) is a function of time (t) or D(t).
4. Temperature:
Based on a variety of inputs, or factors, (F) we get a certain temperature (t) or F(t).
5. Money:
The amount (A) of money you have is a function of the time (t) spent earning it or A(t).
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
 Remember

•• A relation is a function when every

x-value is associated to only one y-
value.
•• You can illustrate functions
through graphing, mapping or sets.
•• Functions can be seen in our daily
lives like driving a car, length of
shadow, temperature, money and
many more.
 Lesson 2

•Evaluation of
Functions
 What is a function?
•A function relates an input to an output. It is like
a machine that has an input and an output
where the input is somehow related to the
output.
•How to write a function?
•“f(x) = …” is the classic way of writing a function.
You can also replace the value of the variable and
the value of the function like using g(x) or h(x).
•An example of a function is this, f(x) = 2x + 1
(Pierce, n.d.).
•Evaluation of Functions
•To evaluate a function is to replace/substitute its variables with a
given number of expressions.
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
 •• The classic way
of writing a
function is “f(x) =
…”
•• To evaluate a
Remember function is to
replace/substitute
its variables with
a given number of
expressions.
Lesson 3.1

•Operations of
Functions
Addition
•At the end of this lesson,
you are expected to:
•• follow the steps in adding
functions.
•• add functions.
•Let’s recall how
to solve add
integers before
proceeding to the
addition of
functions.
How do we add functions? The sum of functions can be written as 𝑓(𝑥)
+𝑔(𝑥) or (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥). Find the sum of the following functions.

Example 1: 𝒇(𝒙)=𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝒈(𝒙)=𝟒−𝟓𝒙

Write the functions into (𝒇+𝒈)(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒙)+𝒈(𝒙)
Solution: (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=(𝟑𝒙+𝟐)+(𝟒−𝟓𝒙)

(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=(3𝑥+2)+(4−5𝑥)
Note: Put the relationship inside parentheses to distinguish them

(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=3𝑥+2+4−5𝑥 → combine like terms

→ remove ( ) using distributive property

(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=−2𝑥+6 → find the sum

So, the answer for (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥) is −𝟐𝒙+𝟔
•Example 2: 𝒇(𝒙)=𝟒𝒙+𝟐𝒙𝟐−𝟐
𝒈(𝒙)=𝟒−𝟑𝒙
•Write the functions into (𝒇+𝒈)
(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒙)+𝒈(𝒙)
•Solution: (𝑓+𝑔)
(𝑥)=(4𝑥+2𝑥2−2)+(4−3𝑥)
•(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=4𝑥+2𝑥2−2+4−3𝑥 →

•(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=2𝑥2+𝑥+2 → find the

combine like terms

sum Therefore, (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥) is

𝟐𝒙𝟐+𝒙+𝟐
 •Directions: Find (𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)

•1. 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥+3
using the functions given.

•𝑔(𝑥)=−4𝑥+1
NOW IT’S

•2. 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥+5
YOUR

•𝑔(𝑥)=4𝑥2+2𝑥−2
TURN!

•3. 𝑓(𝑥)=−15𝑥3−2𝑥+5
•𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥2+𝑥−7
 •The sum of
functions
can be

as 𝑓(𝑥)
Remember written

+𝑔(𝑥) or
(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥).
Lesson 3.2

Operations of
Functions
Subtraction
•At the end of this lesson,
you are expected to:
•• follow the steps in
subtracting functions.
•• subtract functions.
REVIEW

Subtraction of Integers

Rule: In subtracting integers, change the sign of subtrahend and

proceed to addition.
•How do we subtract
functions? The difference of

𝒇(𝒙)−𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙).
functions can be written as
Find the difference of the following functions. Example 1 𝒇(𝒙)=𝟑𝒙+𝟐
𝒈(𝒙)=𝟒−𝟓𝒙
Solution: Write the functions into (𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒙)−𝒈(𝒙)
(𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=(3𝑥+2)−(4−5𝑥)

(𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=3𝑥+2−4+5𝑥
→ remove parentheses using distributive property

(𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=8𝑥−2
→ combine like terms

So, (𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥) is 𝟖𝒙−𝟐

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!
Directions: Find (𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥) using the given functions.
1. 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥+3
𝑔(𝑥)=−4𝑥+1
2. 𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥+5
𝑔(𝑥)=4𝑥2+2𝑥−2
3. 𝑓(𝑥)=−15𝑥3−2𝑥+5
𝑔(𝑥)=3𝑥2+𝑥−7
Remember

•o The difference
of functions can

𝒇(𝒙)−𝒈(𝒙) or
be written as

(𝒇−𝒈)(𝒙).
 Operations
of Functions
Multiplication
•Lesson 3.3
REVIEW

•Multiplication of
Integers
•Rule: The product of
two like signs integers
is always positive and
the product of two
unlike signs is always
negative.
 𝒇(𝒙)∙𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇∙𝒈)(𝒙).
How do we multiply functions? The product of functions can be written as
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

Directions: Find (𝑓∙𝑔)(𝑥) 1. 𝑓(𝑥)=3𝑥

𝑔(𝑥)=−4𝑥+1
𝑓(𝑥)=2𝑥
using the two functions 2.
given in each number.

𝑔(𝑥)=4𝑥2+2𝑥−2
3. 𝑓(𝑥)=5𝑥+2
𝑔(𝑥)=−3𝑥2−5
Remember

•• The multiplication of

as 𝒇(𝒙)∙𝒈(𝒙) or (𝒇∙𝒈)(𝒙)
functions can be written

or (𝒇𝒈)(𝒙).
Operations of
Functions;
Division
Lesson 3.4
•At the end of this
lesson, you are
expected to:
•• follow the steps in
dividing functions, and
•• divide functions.
 REVIEW
•Division of Integers
•Rule: The quotient of
two like signs integers is
always positive and the
quotient of two unlike
signs integers is always
negative.
How to divide functions? The quotient of functions can be written
Operations of Functions;
Composition of Functions
Lesson 3.5
•At the end of this lesson,
you are expected to:
•• follow the steps in
solving composition of
functions.
•• perform the operation
of composition of
functions given two
functions.
•What is composition
of functions?
•The term "composition
of functions" (or
"composite function")
refers to the combining
of two or more
functions in a manner
where the output from
one function becomes
the input for the next
function.
The composition of functions can be written as (𝒇 𝒐 𝒈)
(𝒙)=𝒇(𝒈(𝒙))
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

𝒇(𝒙)=𝟑𝒙+𝟐 𝒈(𝒙)=𝒙−𝟒
Directions: Perform compositions of functions using the following.

1. Find (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥) 2. Find (𝑔 𝑜 𝑓)(𝑥)

Remember
•• The term "composition of functions"
(or "composite function") refers to the
combining of two or more functions in a
manner where the output from one
function becomes the input for the next

can be written as (𝑓 𝑜 𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑔(𝑥))

function. • The composition of functions
Lesson 4
•Problem
Solving
Involving
Functions
At the end of this lesson, you are
expected to:

• solve word problems using

operations and compositions of
functions.
•Problems Involving Functions
•Problem 1: Kamao Network
charges P500 monthly cable
connection fee plus P125 for
each hour of pay-per-view
(PPV) event regardless of a full
hour or a function of an hour.
What is the monthly bill of a
customer who watched 25
hours of PPV events?
 •Aryan wants to borrow a car from ACE Car
Rentals. The car rental charge is P600 upon
application plus P25 per kilometer travelled.
Determine the function that represents the daily
cost by the number of kilometers travelled. If a
total amount of P3,500 was paid after returning
the car, how many kilometers did Aryan travel?
Problem
2:
NOW IT’S YOUR TURN!

•Solve the following problems and

show your solutions.
•1. The jeepney drivers charge a fare
P7 upon riding on the vehicle and
charge P2 per kilometer of distance
travelled. If you are travelling from
your home to your school which is 5
kilometers away, how much will you
pay the jeepney driver?
•2. At Joe's pizzeria a pizza costs P40 with
the first topping, and then an additional
P15 for each additional topping. If you
ordered and paid a total of P130 for
toppings, how many toppings did you add?
Remember

• You can solve problems by

identifying the given and what
is being asked. Afterwards,
translate word phrases to
mathematical phrases and
perform the operations.
•Here is a table of the
temperature and its
equivalent. Fill out the
missing values with
respect to the conversion
of degree C to degree F.