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Advanced Techniques
using Microsoft Excel
What is a spreadsheet? It is a software application that enables a user to save, sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and columns. Spreadsheets can be used to determine statistical analysis, compute student’s grades, keep track business accounts and inventories, and manage databases. Spreadsheets are made up of the following: Columns – identified with alphabetic headings Rows - identified with numeric headings Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns Cell Reference – also known as cell address that identifies a cell on a worksheet. Active Cell – the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet and is indicated by a bold outline that surrounds the cell Texts or labels – It identifies the purpose of a cell, it can be a brief Number data or constant – a value that doesn’t change and is directly inserted into a cell. Formula (mathematical equations) – an expression that calculates the value of a cell. Mathematical Operators – MS Excel uses standard operators for formulas. Functions- These are pre-defined formulas that are already available in MS Excel. Commonly Used Excel Functions SUM – Adds all the numbers in a range of cells. COUNT - Counts the number of cells that contain numbers. MIN - Returns the smallest number in a set of values. MAX - Returns the largest value in a set of values. AVERAGE - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. SUMIF – Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria. SUMIF function has the following syntax: SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range) Range - The range of cells that you want to evaluate based on a given criteria. Criteria – It determines which cells will be added. Sum_Range – These are the cells containing numeric values and the cells to add if the condition is met. AVERAGEIF - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range that meet a given criteria. AVERAGEIF function has the following syntax: AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range) Range - The range of cells that you want to apply the criteria. Criteria – It determines which cells to average. Average_Range – These are the cells containing numeric values and the actual set of cells to average. COUNTIF - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single criterion that you specify. COUNTIF function has the following syntax: COUNTIF(range, criteria) Range – The range of cells to count. Criteria – The criteria that determines which cells to be counted. IF – This function is one of the most popular functions in Excel. It can perform a logical test and returns one value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE. The following is the syntax of IF function: IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) Logical Test - A value or logical expression that can be evaluated as True or False. Value if True – The value to return if the logical test or logical expression evaluates to TRUE. Value if False – The value to return if the logical test or logical expression evaluates to FALSE.