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Exam Prep 2

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15 views11 pages

Exam Prep 2

Uploaded by

mufamadiphuluso74
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXAM PREP

Learning outcomes
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 LO1: Describe Motivation.
 LO2: Analyse the Behavioural Perspective on
Motivation (Classical and Operant Conditioning).
 LO3: : Discuss the humanistic perspective.
 LO4: Outline self-determination theory
 LO5: Describe Outcome Goals, Performance Goals
and Process Goals.
 LO6: Describe the ideal qualities of a teacher to
ensure a positive learning climate is maintained,
provide examples.
Class discussion
1. In your own words, define the term motivation.
2. Discuss the behavioral perspective on
motivation with specific reference to classical
conditioning as well as operant conditioning.
3. Outline the humanistic perspective on
motivation.
4. Discuss Self Determination Theory (SDT)
Definition of Motivation
Key points to include:
 Motivation is the reason or desire to achieve a
specific goal.
 It can be internal (intrinsic) or external (extrinsic).
 It drives individuals to take actions, whether
consciously or subconsciously.
 It is fundamental to how individuals react to
stimuli in their environment.
Behavioral Perspective on Motivation
 Focuses on observable behaviors and external
stimuli that influence an individual’s actions.
 Motivation is a response to environmental stimuli.
 Behaviors are learned through interactions with
the environment, particularly through
conditioning.
 The two central theories in behavioral psychology
are classical conditioning and operant
conditioning.
Humanistic perspective on motivation
Key features:
 Focuses on Personal Growth and Self-Actualization:
 Individuals are inherently motivated to grow, develop,
and become their best selves.
 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
 motivation progresses through various stages, starting
with basic physiological needs and moving toward higher-
level psychological needs, ultimately leading to self-
actualization
Self-Determination Theory (SDT on motivation

human motivation is driven by three innate psychological


needs:

1. Autonomy: The need to feel in control of one’s own


actions.

2. Competence: The need to feel effective and capable.

3. Relatedness: The need to feel connected to others.


 When these needs are satisfied, individuals are more
intrinsically motivated to pursue activities that are
personally meaningful.
Discussion

1. Differentiate between outcome goals,


performance goals and process goals and
provide relevant examples.
2. Describe the ideal qualities of a teacher to
ensure a positive learning climate is maintained,
provide examples
1. Outcome goals
 Result-oriented and often influenced by factors
beyond an individual's control.
 Usually based on external rewards or
comparisons, often involving competition or
achieving a certain status.
 Success is defined by the achievement of a
specific benchmark or outcome.
 E.g., A student aiming to graduate with the
highest GPA in their class
2. Performance goals:
 Measurable and typically focused on improving
specific aspects of an individual’s performance.
 Emphasize individual effort and achievement
rather than comparison to others
 provide more direct control to the individual since
they focus on personal improvement rather than
the broader outcome.
 E.g., A student aiming to score 85% on their final
exam, regardless of the class average.
3. Process goals:
 Action-oriented and emphasize behaviors or steps
that need to be followed.
 Provide a roadmap for how to achieve performance
or outcome goals by focusing on day-to-day efforts.
 Completely within the individual's control, making
them the most specific and actionable type of goal.
 E.g., A student creating a study schedule to spend
two hours per day reviewing course material in
preparation for an exam.

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