Introduction to .

NET Core
Platform and Visual Studio.NET
Objectives

Overview .NET Framework Architecture

Overview .NET Core and .NET

Introduction to Cross-platform application with .NET

Explain why .NET Core and C# Language is selected as develop
application?

Explain meaning "dotnet CLI ”

Explain about NuGet package

Demo create and run C# Console Application on Windows, Mac
and Linux using “dotnet CLI”
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Overview .NET Framework
 Introduction to .NET Framework
.NET Framework 1.0

Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0 was released Feb
13, 2002 is the original implementation of .NET .NET Framework 1.1


Developed and run-on Windows platform only .NET Framework 2.0


Closed .NET Framework 3.0


It supports ASP.NET Web Forms, WinForms, WCF,
.NET Framework 3.5
Silverlight, WPF, LINQ, ADO.NET Entity Framework,
Parallel LINQ, Task Parallel Library, etc
.NET Framework 4.0

The .NET Framework 4.8 version was released on
.NET Framework 4.5
April 18, 2019
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.NET Framework 4.5 Architecture

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The .NET Framework Architecture

The two core components of the .NET Framework integral to any
application or service development are:
• Is a backbone of .NET Framework
Com • Performs various functions such as:
mon • Memory management, Code execution
Langu • Error handling, Code safety verification
age • Garbage collection(GC)
Runti
me
(CLR)

• Is a comprehensive object-oriented collection of reusable types.

.NET • Used to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line to GUI applications
Frame
work that can be used on the Web.
Class
Library
(FCL)

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 Common Language Runtime(CLR)

A common runtime for all .NET languages
 Common type system
 Common metadata
 Intermediate Language (IL) to native code compilers
 Memory allocation and garbage collection
 Code execution and security

Over 20 languages supported today
 C#, VB, Jscript, Visual C++ from Microsoft
 Perl, Python, Smalltalk, Cobol, Haskell, Mercury, Eiffel, Oberon, Oz, Pascal, APL,
CAML, Scheme, etc.

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 Common Language Runtime(CLR)

Using the .NET Framework:
 The code of a program is compiled into
CIL (formerly called MSIL) and stored in
a file called assembly
 This assembly is then compiled by the
CLR to the native code at run-time

In traditional Windows applications:
 Codes were directly compiled into the
executable native code of the operating
system

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 Advantages of CLR

Interoperation between managed code and unmanaged code (COM,
DLLs)

Managed code environment

Improved memory handling

JIT(Just-In-Time) Compiler allows code to run in a protected
environment as managed code

JIT allows the IL code to be hardware independent

CLR also allows for enforcement of code access security

Verification of type safety

Access to Metadata (enhanced Type Information)
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Common Language Infrastructure

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 Common Language Infrastructure

CLI allows for cross-language development


Four components:

 Common Type System (CTS)

 Meta-data in a language agnostic fashion

 Common Language Specification – behaviors that all languages need to follow

 A Virtual Execution System (VES)

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 Common Type System (CTS)

The common type system defines how types are declared, used, and managed
in the common language runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's
support for cross-language integration. The common type system performs the
following functions:
 Establishes a framework that helps enable cross-language integration, type safety,
and high-performance code execution
 Provides an object-oriented model that supports the complete implementation of
many programming languages
 Defines rules that languages must follow, which helps ensure that objects written in
different languages can interact with each other
 Provides a library that contains the primitive data types (such as Boolean, Byte, Char
, Int32, and UInt64) used in application development
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 Common Type System (CTS)

The common type system in .NET supports the following five categories of
types:

 Classes

 Structures

 Enumerations

 Interfaces

 Delegates
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CTS Data Types

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 The .NET Framework Architecture

Common Language Specification (CLS)
 The CLS comprises a set of rules that any language that targets the CLI needs to
adhere to, to be able to interoperate with other CLS-compliant languages

 CLS rules fall into the broader rules of the CTS and therefore it can be said that the
CLS is a subset of CTS

 Language constructs that make it impossible to easily verify the type safety of the
code were excluded from the CLS so that all languages that work with the CLS can
produce verifiable code
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The .NET Framework Architecture

The relationship between the CTS and CLS

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 Cross-Platform Application
“Write once, run anywhere” seems to be the mantra that finds favor with application
developers nowadays. This reduces the need for developers to write a lot of redundant
code. .NET, an open source offering from Microsoft, is just the tool for writing code for a
cross-platform application that will work on Windows, Linux and macOS systems

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 Cross-Platform Application

A platform is a computer hardware and software combination on which a
program runs. A platform is a combination of both hardware resources: CPU
frequency, RAM size, HDD space, GPU capacity,…and also the software
platform being provided to install on such as Operating system; Third-party or
extended framework(.NET or JVM,..)

Cross-platform support runs on multiple platforms. In a sense, it means that a
code can run on multiple frameworks, platforms, operating systems, and
machine architectures

A cross-platform programming language is one that can run on multiple
frameworks, operating systems, and machine architectures. Many factors cause
the language or tool to be able to run on multiple machines and platforms
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Overview .NET Core
 What is the .NET Core?

It is a cross-platform, open-source framework that implements .NET Standard


It includes JIT(Just-In-Time) Compiler, GC(Garbage Collection) and several
low-level classes


It provides a runtime known as .NET Core CLR, framework class libraries,
which are primitive libraries known as CoreFX, and APIs that are similar to CLR
and BCL(Base Class Library) of .NET Framework, but have a smaller
footprint (lesser dependencies on other assemblies)
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 What is the .NET Core?

CoreFX is made of foundation class libraries. These come as alternatives to
CLR and BCL of .NET Framework. It comes integrated with .NET Core CLI


It supports modern application frameworks such as gRPC, ML.NET for
Machine Learning, ASP.NET Core Razor Pages, Blazor (for WebAssembly),
UWP(Universal Windows Platform), etc


The .NET Core 5(.NET) version was released November 10, 2020

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 .NET 5 (.NET) = .NET Core
vNext

Released on November 10, 2020 (Visual Studio 2019 and C# 9.0)

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 What is the .NET Standard?

.NET Standard is a specification that can be used across all .NET
implementations. It is used for developing library projects only. This means if
we are creating a library in .NET Standard we can use those in .NET
Framework and .NET Core

To create uniformity means to allow usage in all the .NET
implementations. .NET Standard has support for Mono platform, Xamarin,
Universal Windows Platform, and Unity

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Comparisons Table

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 New features in .NET 5 (.NET)


Java interoperability will be available on all platforms


Objective-C and Swift interoperability will be supported on multiple
operating systems


CoreFX will be extended to support static compilation of .NET (ahead-of-
time – AOT), smaller footprints and support for more operating systems

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 Benefits of using .NET

Open Source: Open source and community-oriented on GitHub.

Cross-Platform: .NET Core can run on Windows, Linux, and macOS

Command-line tools: Create, build, and run projects from the command line

Modular: Ships as NuGet packages

Host Agnostic:
 .NET Core on the server side is not dependent on IIS and, with two lightweight
servers: Kestrel and WebListener
 It can be self-hosted as a Console application and can be also gelled with mature
servers such as IIS, Apache, and others through a reverse proxy option
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 Benefits of using .NET

Support for leveraging platform-specific capabilities, such as Windows Forms
and WPF(Windows Presentation Foundation) on Windows and the native
bindings to each native platform from Xamarin

High performance

Side-by-side installation

Small project files (SDK-style)

Visual Studio, Visual Studio for Mac, and Visual Studio Code integration
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 .NET components

Language compilers: These turn source code written with languages such as
C#, F#, and Visual Basic into intermediate language (IL) code stored in
assemblies. NET language compilers for C# and Visual Basic, also known as
Roslyn

Common Language Runtime (CoreCLR): This runtime loads assemblies,
compiles the IL code stored in them into native code instructions for computer's
CPU, and executes the code within an environment that manages resources
such as threads and memory

Base Class Libraries (BCLs) of assemblies in NuGet packages (CoreFX):
These are prebuilt assemblies of types packaged and distributed using NuGet
for performing common tasks when building applications
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 Why C# is selected as develop application?

C# was developed by Anders Hejlsberg and his team during the development
of .NET

C# is a modern, object-oriented, and type-safe programming language. C#
enables developers to build many types of secure and robust applications that
run in the .NET ecosystem. C# has its roots in the C family of languages and
will be immediately familiar to C, C++, Java, and JavaScript programmers

C# is designed for Common Language Infrastructure (CLI), which consists of
the executable code and runtime environment that allows use of various high-
level languages on different computer platforms and architectures

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 Why C# is selected as develop application?

The following reasons make C# a widely used professional language
 It is a modern, general-purpose programming language
 It is object oriented.
 It is component oriented.
 It is easy to learn.
 It is a structured language.
 It produces efficient programs.
 It can be compiled on a variety of computer platforms.
 It is a part of .Net

More C# features :
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/
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 Introduction to dotnet CLI

The .NET command-line interface(CLI) is a cross-platform for developing,
building, running, and publishing .NET applications

More dotnet CLI:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/tools/dotnet/

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Introduction to dotnet CLI

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Introduction to dotnet CLI

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Demo Create a C# Console App
using dotnet CLI
 On Windows OS

Install package: dotnet-sdk-5.0.102-win-x64.exe and open Command Prompt
dialog
1. Create Console App named HelloWorldApp with C# language

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2. Build HelloWorldApp application

3. Run HelloWorldApp application

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On macOS 10.14 "Mojave"

Install package: dotnet-sdk-5.0.102-osx-x64.pkg and open Terminal dialog

1. Create Console App named HelloWorldApp with C# language

2. Run HelloWorldApp application

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On Linux(Ubuntu 14.05) OS

Install package: dotnet-sdk-5.0 and open Terminal dialog
1. Create Console App named HelloWorldApp with C# language

2. Run HelloWorldApp application

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Compilation Process .NET Application

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 Compilation Process .NET Application

The compiler used by the dotnet CLI tool converts .NET source code(C#/VB/C+
+,..) into Intermediate Language (IL) code, and stores the IL in an assembly
(a DLL or EXE file)
 IL code statements are like assembly language instructions, but they are executed
by .NET Core's virtual machine, known as the CoreCLR

At runtime, the CoreCLR loads the IL code from the assembly, JIT compiles it
into native CPU instructions, and then it is executed by the CPU on your
machine

The benefit of this two-step compilation process is that Microsoft can create
CLRs for Linux and macOS as well as for Windows. The same IL code runs
everywhere because of the second compilation process that generates code for
the native operating system and CPU, etc
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 Common Intermediate Language (CIL)

CIL is a platform-neutral intermediate language (formerly called Microsoft
Intermediate Language or MSIL) that represents the intermediate language
binary instruction set defined by the CLI. It is a stack-based object-oriented
assembly language that represents the code in byte-code format

C# source code MSIL code

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 Introduction to Visual Studio.NET Read by
yourself

Visual Studio is one of the most famous IDE’s has been using for the last few
years. Microsoft developed it. It is used to create a computer program, web
applications, and EXE files, etc. The first version of its kind was launched in
1997. And now the latest version available in the market is Visual Studio 2019

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 Introduction to Visual Studio.NET Read by
yourself


New User Experienced Start Window: Check out the code, Open a project,
Open a folder and Create a new project

Visual Studio Live Share: Live Share is a developer service in Visual Studio
2019. This feature directly enables to share code context and debugging
process with your teammates and get live access within Visual Studio itself like
Google document services

Improved Refactoring: Refactoring in any IDE will highly helpful for
developers. In Visual Studio 2019 these refactorings will come up with new
advanced features, and these are used to organize your code in a structured
manner
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 Introduction to Visual Studio.NET

Enhanced Search Experience

Search Feature While in Debugging

Visual Studio IntelliCode

Code cleanup in One Click

Integrated Code Reviews in Development

Per Monitor Aware Rendering(PMA)

New Delivery Model for SQL Server Data Tools
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 Introduction to Nuget packages

.NET is split into a set of packages, distributed using a Microsoft supported
package management technology named NuGet. Each of these packages
represents a single assembly of the same name
 For example, the System.Collections package contains the System.Collections.dll
assembly

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 Introduction to Nuget packages Read by
yourself

Install and use a package for .NET project in Visual Studio
 Using NuGet Package Manager

 (For Windows:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/quickstart/install-and-use-a-package-in-visual-st
udio
)

 (For Mac:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/quickstart/install-and-use-a-package-in-visual-st
udio-mac
)

 Using the dotnet CLI

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Summary

Concepts were introduced:
 Overview about .NET Core, .NET 5(.NET) and .NET Framework
 Overview .NET Framework and .NET 5(.NET) Architecture
 Overview new features of Visual Studio.NET
 Explain about Cross-platform application with .NET
 Why .NET Core and C# Language is selected as develop application?
 Explain and demo using “dotnet CLI” to create C# Console App
 Overview NuGet package
 Create and Run cross-platform Console application with C#

47