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Computer Generations Lecture

Generations lecture.

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29 views13 pages

Computer Generations Lecture

Generations lecture.

Uploaded by

samadbaloch0899
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer Generations

Past- Present - Future


Key for Computer Generations

• Time Frame
• Circuit Components
• Elements per Component
• Internal Storage
• Memory Capacity
• Data Input
• Popular Computers and Companies at that time
Five Generations of Computers

Generations of computers Generations timeline Evolving hardware

First generation 1940s-1950s Vacuum tube based

Second generation 1950s-1960s Transistor based

Third generation 1960s-1970s Integrated circuit based

Fourth generation 1970s-present Microprocessor based

Artificial intelligence based


Fifth generation The present and the future
AI
The main characteristics of First Generation of
computers (1940s-1950s)
• Main electronic component – vacuum tube
• Main memory – magnetic drums and magnetic tapes
• Programming language – machine language
• Power – consume a lot of electricity and generate a lot of
heat.
• Speed and size – very slow and very large in size (often
taking up entire room).
• Input/output devices – punched cards and paper tape.
• Exemples – ENIAC, UNIVAC1, IBM 650, IBM 701, etc.
• Quantity – there were about 100 different vacuum tube
computers produced between 1942 and1963.
The main characteristics of second generation
of computers (1950s-1960s)
• Main electronic component – transistor
• Memory – magnetic core and magnetic tape /
disk
• Programming language – assembly language
• Power and size – low power consumption,
generated less heat, and smaller in size (in
comparison with the first generation computers).
• Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in
comparison with the first generation computers).
The main characteristics of second generation
of computers (1950s-1960s)
• Input/output devices – punched cards and
magnetic tape.
• Examples – IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094,
UNIVAC 1107, etc.
The main characteristics of third generation of
computers (1960s-1970s)
• Main electronic component – integrated circuits (ICs)
• Memory – large magnetic core, magnetic tape / disk
• Programming language – high level language (FORTRAN,
BASIC, Pascal, COBOL, C, etc.)
• Size – smaller, cheaper, and more efficient than second
generation computers (they were called minicomputers).
• Speed – improvement of speed and reliability (in
comparison with the second generation
computers).
The main characteristics of third generation of
computers (1960s-1970s)

• Input / output devices – magnetic tape,


keyboard, monitor, printer, etc
• Examples – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11,
UNIVAC 1108, etc.
The main characteristics of fourth generation
of computers (1970s-present)
• Main electronic component – very large-scale
integration (VLSI) and microprocessor.
• VLSI– thousands of transistors on a single microchip.
• Memory – semiconductor memory (such as RAM, ROM,
etc.)
• Programming language – high level language (Python,
C#, Java, JavaScript, Rust, Kotlin, etc.).
• A mix of both third- and fourth-generation languages
• Size – smaller, cheaper and more efficient than third
generation computers.
The main characteristics of fourth generation
of computers (1970s-present)
• Speed – improvement of speed, accuracy, and reliability
(in comparison with the third generation computers).
• Input / output devices – keyboard, pointing devices, optical
scanning, monitor, printer, etc.
• Network – a group of two or more computer systems
linked together.
• Exemples – IBM PC, STAR 1000, APPLE II, Apple
Macintosh, etc.
The main characteristics of fifth generation of
computers (the present and the future AI)

• Main electronic component: based on artificial


intelligence, uses the Ultra Large-Scale Integration
(ULSI) technology and parallel processing method.
• ULSI – millions of transistors on a single microchip
• Parallel processing method – use two or more
microprocessors to run tasks simultaneously.
• Language – understand natural language
(human language).
The main characteristics of fifth generation of
computers (the present and the future AI)
• Power – consume less power and generate less heat.
• Speed – remarkable improvement of speed, accuracy and
reliability (in comparison with the fourth generation
computers).
• Size – portable and small in size, and have a huge storage
capacity.
• Input / output device – keyboard, monitor, mouse, trackpad
(or touchpad), touchscreen, pen, speech input (recognize
voice / speech), light scanner, printer, etc.
• Example – desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, etc.
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