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Lecture 21-Modifiers

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22 views12 pages

Lecture 21-Modifiers

Uploaded by

hiraazhar2030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Access Modifiers In

Java
Object Oriented Programming in Java
There are two types of modifiers in Java: access
modifiers and non-access modifiers.
• The access modifiers in Java specifies the accessibility or scope of a
field, method, constructor, or class. We can change the access level
of fields, constructors, methods, and class by applying the access
modifier on it
Types of Access Modifiers

• There are four types of Java access modifiers:


• Private: The access level of a private modifier is only within the class. It
cannot be accessed from outside the class.
• Default: The access level of a default modifier is only within the
package. It cannot be accessed from outside the package. If you do not
specify any access level, it will be the default.
• Protected: The access level of a protected modifier is within the
package and outside the package through child class. If you do not
make the child class, it cannot be accessed from outside the package.
• Public: The access level of a public modifier is everywhere. It can be
accessed from within the class, outside the class, within the package
and outside the package.
Non-access modifiers
• There are many non-access modifiers, such as static, abstract,
synchronized, native, volatile, transient, etc.
Understanding Java Access
Modifiers
Access Modifier within class within package outside package outside package
by subclass only

Private Y N N N

Default Y Y N N

Protected Y Y Y N

Public Y Y Y Y
Private

• The private access modifier is accessible only within the class.


• A class contains private data member and private method. We are accessing these private members
from outside the class, so there is a compile-time error.

• class A{
• private int data=40;
• private void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}
• }
•
• public class Simple{
• public static void main(String args[]){
• A obj=new A();
• System.out.println(obj.data);//Compile Time Error
• obj.msg();//Compile Time Error
• }
• }
Role of Private Constructor

• If you make any class constructor private, you cannot create the instance of that
class from outside the class. For example:
• class A{
• private A(){}//private constructor
• void msg(){System.out.println("Hello java");}
•}
• public class Simple{
• public static void main(String args[]){
• A obj=new A();//Compile Time Error
• }
•}
Note: A class cannot be private or protected except nested class.
Default

• If you don't use any modifier, it is treated as default by default. The


default modifier is accessible only within package. It cannot be
accessed from outside the package. It provides more accessibility
than private. But, it is more restrictive than protected, and public.
Example of default access
modifier
• In this example, we have created two packages pack and mypack. We
are accessing the A class from outside its package, since A class is not
public, so it cannot be accessed from outside the package.
//save by A.java
package pack;
class A{ In this example, the scope of class A and its method
void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");} msg() is default so it cannot be accessed from outside
} the package.

//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;
class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();//Compile Time Error
obj.msg();//Compile Time Error
}
}
Protected

• The protected access modifier is accessible within package and


outside the package but through inheritance only.
• The protected access modifier can be applied on the data member,
method and constructor. It can't be applied on the class.
• It provides more accessibility than the default modifier.
Example of protected access modifier
• In this example, we have created the two packages pack and mypack. The A class
of pack package is public, so can be accessed from outside the package. But msg
method of this package is declared as protected, so it can be accessed from
outside the class only through inheritance.
//save by A.java
package pack;
public class A{
protected void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}

//save by B.java
package mypack;
import pack.*;

class B extends A{
public static void main(String args[]){
B obj = new B();
obj.msg();
}
}
Public
• The public access modifier is accessible everywhere. It has the widest scope
among all other modifiers.
• Example of public access modifier
//save by A.java

package pack;
public class A{
public void msg(){System.out.println("Hello");}
}

//save by B.java

package mypack;
import pack.*;

class B{
public static void main(String args[]){
A obj = new A();
obj.msg();
}
}

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