PARTS OF SPEECH

PART OF SPEECH (KELAS KATA) MERUPAKAN KLASIFIKASI KATA YANG

DIKATEGORIKAN MELALUI PERAN SERTA FUNGSI DALAM KALIMAT DARI SUATU
BAHASA. DENGAN MENGETAHUI PART OF SPEECH SESEORANG DAPAT
MENGETAHUI FUNGSI KATA PADA SUATU KALIMAT.
SELAIN ITU, PART OF SPEECH MERUPAKAN LANGKAH PERTAMA YANG PERLU KITA
PELAJARI KETIKA BELAJAR BAHASA INGGRIS, KEGUNAANYA ADALAH UNTUK
MEMAHAMI BENTUK KALIMAT DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS.

Example :
Wood is also in great demand as firewood in developing countries.

People with bipolar disorder experience periods of extremely

intense emotion.

Now that motherhood and raising families are wholly going out of
fashion but rather people are having smaller families.

It is standard practice in a hospital setting, particularly among

Western cultures, to separate mothers and their newborns.
PART OF SPEECH
1. Noun (Kata Benda)
 Common , proper, singular & plural, concrete, abstract,
collective, compound, countable & uncountable
(singular & plural , collective dan countable & uncountable
noun)
dalam struktur kalimat, noun sebagai subjek atau objek.
In spite of their appellation these fungi are strikingly beautiful, but
their odor is most offensive.
The town council has approved plans to create a new park
The furniture has been left by the previous occupants.

2. Pronoun (Kata Ganti)

 subject, object, possessive adjective, possessive pronoun,
reflexive pronoun, relative
We all know that mobile phones, cellphones, hand-phones,
whatever we want to call them are changing our live.
Children will educate themselves under right conditions
Why are you using my phone? Where is yours?
PART OF SPEECH
3. Verb (Kata Kerja)
 transitive (with object), intransitive (non-object) , linking
Santa Claus brings presents to good children every year.
I jog around the neighborhood every day.
They appear upset about the announcement.
William is excited about his promotion.
4. Adjective (Kata Sifat)
 Adjective adalah kata sifat yang digunakan untuk memberi keterangan
pada noun atau pronoun.
We left our new plastic chairs inside.

5. Adverb (Kata Keterangan)

 manner, degree, frequency, place, dan time.
Mr. Stark gave us the money generously.
He didn’t work hard enough to pass the exam.
I usually shop for groceries on Saturday mornings
The patient was up with heartburn for hours.
PART OF SPEECH
6. Preposition (Kata Depan)
 Fungsi preposition adalah untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara noun dan kata-
kata lainnya. (In, On, At, Through, With, By, Of)
The most common causes of tsunamis are earthquakes.
The chemical ingredients for layer painting contain different pigments.
She avoided him by walking on the opposite side of the road
7. Conjunction (Kata Hubung)
 coordinating, subordinating dan correlative
Life is full of troubles yet none wants to die.
Robin and Russel went the beach.
The government might agree to their demands provided they follow the
rules.
I did not feel good about it as I was always an introvert.
The failure is due to the inadequacy of preparations.
We could either hike up the mountain or swim in the lake this afternoon.

8. Interjection (Kata Seru)

Oops, Whoa, Oh no!
Congrats! You finally got your master's degree.
.Oh no, I forgot that I have an exam today.
EXERCISES
1. The opossum is able to confuse its predators and escape from
death by ___ to be dead.
a. to pretend c. it pretends
b. pretend d. pretending
2. Lifestyle characterized by a balanced diet has been proven to be
effective in preventing or ___ the onset of Type 2 diabetes.
a. will be delaying of the delay of c. delaying
b. it delays d. the delay of
3. The judges at the fair are delighted to inform you that are
one of the selected finalists.
a. your c.yours
b. You d. yourself
EXERCISES
4. Scientists _____ nano-technology capable of computation at the
atomic level.
a. recent had developing c. have developed recently
b. have recently developed d. recent have
developed
5. Because of her____of flying, Suzette decided to take the train on
her trip to Los Angeles.
a. anxiety c. anxious
b. anxieties d. anxiously
6. Fire extinguishers(a) can contain (b) liquefied gas, dry chemicals,
or(c) watery(d).
7. As (a) a compilation of useful details (b), a weekly (c) magazine
commends himself (d) in several respects.
8. A quantitative analyses (a), using both the computer and (b)
quantitative techniques (c), is used to optimize (d) financial
4. Scientists _____ nano-technology capable of computation at the
atomic level.
a. recent had developing c. have developed recently
b. have recently developed d. recent have
developed
5. Because of her____of flying, Suzette decided to take the train on
her trip to Los Angeles.
a. anxiety c. anxious
b. anxieties d. anxiously
6. Fire extinguishers(a) can contain (b) liquefied gas, dry chemicals,
or(c) watery(d).
7. As (a) a compilation of useful details (b), a weekly (c) magazine
commends himself (d) in several respects.
8. A quantitative analyses (a), using both the computer and (b)
quantitative techniques (c), is used to optimize (d) financial
decisions.
SENTENCE AND
FRAGMENT
ROOT
WORD (KATA)

• children, education, signals

PHRASE (FRASA) (adjective+noun , noun+noun,

adveb+adjective)
• The development of children, the new laws, a huge invention,
corruption in corporate America, the number of geese, an amount
of iron, one of the most important components within your
computer
CLAUSES (KLAUSA)

• They are, It becomes, The diagnosis is , bipolar disorder can be ,

herbal remedies most often do not cause

SENTENCE (KALIMAT)

• The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater

earthquakes.
• There have been amazing world-breaking scientific advances.
• Bipolar disorder can be present even when the mood swings are
less extreme.
 4 JENIS KALIMAT
1. Simple sentences. Kalimat sederhana terdiri dari sebuah klausa
bebas. Contoh : “The girl hit the ball.”
2. Compound sentences. Kalimat majemuk setara terdiri dari 2 atau
lebih klausa bebas yang dihubungkan konjungsi koordinatif (“but,” “or,”
and “so”, “yet”, “nor” . contoh: “The girl hit the ball, and the ball flew out
of the park.”
3. Complex sentences. Kalimat majemuk bertingkat terdiri dari 1 klausa
bebas dan 1 atau lebih klausa terikat yang dihubungkan dengankonjungsi
subordinatif. “although,” “because,” “so,” “that,” and “when”, “if” etc.
contoh : “When the girl hit the ball, the fans cheered.”
4. Compound-complex sentences. kalimat majemuk campuran adalah
gabungan dari kalimat majemuk setara dan bertingkat. contoh: “When
the girl hit the ball, the fans cheered, and the ball flew out of the park.”
Since negotiation could not resolve the issue, there is no point going
forward with the deal. independent
dependent clause
clause
Komponen pembentukan kalimat majemuk kalimat:
1. Conjunction (kata penghubung)
menghubungkan antar kata, klausa
2. Relative pronoun
merupakan kata ganti untuk menggabungkan dua kalimat
independen yang memiliki satu subjek dan
objek(who,which,whom, whose)
3. Tanda baca koma (,)
4. Reduksasi (penyederhanaan klausa adjective dan adverb)
proses menghilangkan relative pronoun dan menggantikan
dengan bentuk kata kerja tunggal pasif/aktif.
Contoh reduksasi :
The man who lives upstairs is our teacher.
The man living upstairs is our teacher.
The dog which is brought to the vet belongs to me.
The dog brought to the vet belongs to me.
APPOSITIVE
kata atau frasa yang berfungsi menjelaskan atau mendeksripsikan kata
benda (noun) atau kata ganti benda (pronoun) yang diikutinya.Appositive
sebenarnya berfungsi untuk memberikan informasi tambahan dari noun
atau pronoun yang diikutinya dan bersifat fleksibel. Bagaimana
maksudnya fleksibel? Frasa ini tidak harus diaplikasikan ke dalam tiap
kalimat karena dengan adanya frasa ini sebuah kalimat tidak akan
terganggu dari segi arti maupun keutuhannya.
“Appositive” bisa berupa kata, frasa atau klausa, dimana peletakannya
berada di depan, tengah atau akhir kalimat.
1. His hobby, sailing, takes a lot of time.
2. J.K. Rowling, an ingenious fantasy story writer, published a new novel
last month.
3. The best-selling car in Indonesia, Toyota Avanza is produced by the
Toyota manufacturer.
4. Most of my classmates idolize BlackPink, a famous Korean girlband.
5. Antarctica, characterized by extreme temperature and harsh living
conditions, supports little animal life.
ANALISIS KALIMAT
 Through a process called digestion, the food we eat is broken
down into simple compounds into our bloodstream and assimilated
into our cells.

 Research has found that children born into a family whose

member have schizophrenia will most likely themselves develop
schizophrenia.

 Many police officers arrest African-Americans not only because

they are significant perpetrators of suburban crime but also
because they are members of an ethnic minority.

 The mineral azurite, a mineral produced by the weathering

of copper deposits, has an exceptionally deep blue hue and
thus has historically been associated with the color of winter
ANALISIS KALIMAT
1. The reality of relatively inexpensive and easily accessible
computer processing power for almost all students ... for business
and management students’ assignment.
(A) Which has significant implications
(B) Which have significant implications
(C) Have had significant implications
(D) Has had significant implications
2. To witness the atrocious conditions … children in Chinese
orphanages is to see the inhumanity of the communist
government’s one-child policy.
(A) Which suffered by abandoning
(B) Is suffered by abandoned
(C) Suffered by abandoned
(D) Being suffered by abandoning