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Semiconductor Main Memory

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aditya.govekar2018
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45 views8 pages

Semiconductor Main Memory

Uploaded by

aditya.govekar2018
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semiconductor

Main Memory
Semiconductor main memory, also known as RAM, is a crucial
component in modern computers. It's where the computer stores
data that's actively being used by programs.

by Aditya Govekar
Introduction to
Semiconductor Memory
1 Digital Data Storage 2 Types of Memory
Semiconductor memory Memory can be volatile,
allows computers to store losing data when power is
and access digital data off, or nonvolatile,
quickly and efficiently. retaining data even
without power.

3 Memory Architecture 4 Memory Performance


Memory is organized in Speed, capacity, and
cells that store data bits, power consumption are
addressed for efficient key factors in evaluating
access. memory performance.
Volatile Memory: DRAM and SRAM
DRAM (Dynamic RAM) SRAM (Static RAM)

Uses capacitors to store data. Requires constant refresh Uses latches to store data. Faster access times and
due to data leakage. More affordable and higher doesn't need refresh. More expensive and lower
density. density.
Nonvolatile Memory: Flash and
EEPROM
Feature Flash Memory EEPROM (Electrically
Erasable
Programmable Read-
Only Memory)

Storage Technology Floating gate Charge trapping


transistors

Erasure Block erasure Byte or word erasure

Write Speed Slower Faster

Endurance High Lower

Applications Solid-state drives Microcontrollers,


(SSDs), USB drives embedded systems
Memory Hierarchies and Cache
CPU
Fastest and smallest, stores frequently accessed data.

L1 Cache
Smaller and faster than L2, for extremely frequently used data.

L2 Cache
Larger and slower than L1, for less frequently used data.

Main Memory (RAM)


Larger and slower than cache, holding data actively used by programs.

Secondary Storage (Hard Drive)


Largest and slowest, storing data not currently in use.
Memory Bandwidth and Latency

Bandwidth Latency
The amount of data that can be transferred per unit The time it takes to access data. Lower latency means
time. Higher bandwidth allows faster data transfer. faster access times.
Emerging Memory Technologies
MRAM (Magnetoresistive RAM) RRAM (Resistive RAM)
Uses magnetic properties to store data. Nonvolatile, high Uses resistance changes to store data. Nonvolatile, low power
endurance, fast access times. consumption, high density.

1 2 3

PCRAM (Phase-Change RAM)


Changes the physical state of a material to store data.
Nonvolatile, high density, fast write speeds.
Conclusion and Future
Trends
Semiconductor memory continues to evolve, with advancements in
density, speed, and power efficiency. Emerging technologies
promise even greater breakthroughs, driving innovation in
computing.

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