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Introduction To Linux

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Shams Urahman Rashidy
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Introduction To Linux

Uploaded by

Shams Urahman Rashidy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

TO LINUX
Understanding the Basics of Linux Operating System 1

Teaching Assist Shams Urahman Rashidy


Lecturer, Kandahar University | Cybersecurity Specialist

11/23/2024
WHAT IS LINUX?
 Definition:
 Linux is a free, open-source operating system based on UNIX.
 multi-user, multi-tasking operating system.
 It was created by Linus Torvalds in 1991.

 Importance:
 Widely used in servers, supercomputers, and embedded systems.
 Known for its stability, security, and flexibility.

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LINUX HISTORY
July 1991: Linus Benedict Torvalds from Helsinki
starts his hobby: Linux
 October 1991: version 0.02
 2004: version 2.2
 today: look at www.kernel.org
 C, assembly languages, Rust

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LINUX VS. OTHER
OPERATING SYSTEMS
• Comparison with Windows & macOS:
 Cost: Free vs. Paid.
 Open-source nature: Linux is open-source; Windows and macOS are
proprietary.
 Customization: Linux allows for extensive customization; Windows and macOS
are more restrictive.
 Security: Linux is generally considered more secure due to its permissions and
community oversight.

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LINUX VS. OTHER
OPERATING SYSTEMS

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KEY COMPONENTS OF LINUX
 Kernel: The core part of Linux, managing hardware and system
resources.
 Location /boot/vmlinuz
 Source files /usr/src/linux

 Shell: Interface between the user and the kernel, area of


execution of a program.
 File System: A hierarchical structure that organizes data and
files.
 User Interface: GUI (e.g., GNOME, KDE) and CLI (e.g., Bash).
 Applications: Open office, firefox, gedit, gftp. konqueror, evince,
kdevelop, kview, emace, vim etc.
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KEY COMPONENTS OF LINUX

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LINUX FILE SYSTEM
 Every file in Linux can be one of the following four types:
 Ordinary File (contain data, info)
 Directories (hold files & other directories)
 Devices (for accessing the hardware)
 Links (Pointer to another file)
 Hard Link
 Soft Link

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TYPICAL DIRECTORY
STRUCTURE
 Linux Filesystem is laid out in a hierarchical tree
structure.
 Top level directory is called root “/”

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THE LINUX FILE SYSTEM
STRUCTURE
 /: Root directory.
 /home: User directories.
 /bin: Essential command binaries.
 /etc: Configuration files.
 /var: Variable files (logs, spools, etc.).
 /dev: Device files.

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POPULAR LINUX
DISTRIBUTIONS
 Ubuntu: User-friendly, popular for desktops and beginners.
 Fedora: Cutting-edge technology, sponsored by Red Hat.
 Debian: Known for stability and reliability.
 Arch Linux: Highly customizable and rolling release.
 CentOS: Community-driven, enterprise-level OS.

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POPULAR LINUX
DISTRIBUTIONS

11/23/2024 12
ADVANTAGES OF USING
LINUX
 Cost: Free to use and distribute.
 Security: Strong security features and fewer vulnerabilities.
 Stability: Rarely crashes and can run for years without
rebooting.
 Performance: Efficient use of system resources.
 Open Source: Freedom to modify and distribute.
 Text interface is good for batch processing and management.
 Multitask and Multiuser

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DISADVANTAGES OF USING
LINUX
 Text interface is not as user-friendly as Windows.
 But, has StarOffice software which looks much like Windows.

 Less commercial software available.


 But more scientific software is available.

 More difficult to set up.


 But, once set up, easy to manage.

 There are far too many different distributions

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BASIC LINUX COMMANDS
 ls: List directory contents.
 cd: Change directory.
 pwd: Print working directory.
 cp/mv: Copy/Move files and directories.
 rm: Remove files or directories.
 chmod: Change file permissions.

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LINUX IN THE REAL WORLD
 Servers: Most web servers run on Linux.
 web hosting, database management, file sharing, game servers, and
virtualization
 Supercomputers: Over 90% of supercomputers use Linux.
 NASA’s Pleiades supercomputer

 Embedded Systems: Used in routers, smart TVs, and other


devices.
 Development: Preferred environment for developers and DevOps.
 Kubernetes: Manage containerized applications with Kubernetes.
 CI/CD: Tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI, and CircleCI can be set up for
continuous integration and deployment.
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CONCLUSION
 Linux is a powerful, secure, and flexible OS.
 Offers a variety of distributions tailored to different needs.
 Essential for anyone interested in IT, cybersecurity, or
development.

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Q&A

Any questions?

11/23/2024 18

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