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CNC Part Programming Introduction

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6 views10 pages

CNC Part Programming Introduction

Uploaded by

u1909030
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CNC Machine Co-ordinate System

● In a CNC machine, there are basically two origins for the Cartesian
coordinate systems:
● Machine Home (Machine Zero) – a location set once by the machine
manufacturer.
● Part Origin (Part Zero) – a location determined by the NC part
programmer.
Tool Positioning Modes
● Incremental Positioning – delta dimensioning, the CNC machines locate
each new tool position by referencing the last tool position.
● Absolute Positioning – datum dimensioning, the CNC machines locate each
new tool position by referencing a fixed origin.
● Mixed (incremental & absolute).

Incremental Positioning

Absolute Positioning

You can explore more: https://www.autodesk.com/products/fusion-360/blog/cnc-coordinate-system-made-easy/


Home Positioning Modes
Home
Position
• Two origins for the coordinate systems:
– Machine Home (Machine Zero) – a location set by the
manufacturer
– Part Origin (Part Zero) – a location determined by the
programmer
Word Address Programming
Terminology:N G ;
G00alphanumeric
● Character: an X-3.75 character or punctuation mark.
● Address:G00
a letter describing the meaning of a number following the letter.
X-3.75
● Word: an address followed by a number, used to describe machine motions
and dimensions.
N010 G00 X-3.75 Y2.5
● Block: a complete command to the CNC machine (one or more words,
depending on the information
N010 G00needed toY2.5
X-3.75 command a CNC operation).
● Program: a sequence of blocks
N020 G00describing
Z1. the motions of a CNC machine
to manufacture a part. .
.
.
.
N0100 M30
Word Address Programming
General Syntax (arrangement of addresses in a block):
● O – program number (optional), used to identify programs in the MCU
memory.
Ex: O0001, O9999
● N – sequence number (optional). MCU executes a program block by block
regardless of the sequence number entered.
Ex: N0001, N9999
● G – preparatory functions, usually placed at the beginning of a block and
used to prepare the CNC controller to act in a particular mode when
processing the other words in a block. The mode is indicated by the
numerical value following the G address.
Ex: G00 (Rapid positioning at maximum feedrate),
G01 (linear interpolation at a programmed feedrate)
G20 (inch mode)
G28 (return to reference point)
G90 (absolute positioning)
G91 (incremental positioning)

G code summary table: would be given as supplementary material


G28 (return to reference point)

Source: https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/g-code-explained-list-of-most-important-g-code-
commands/
CNC Machine Co-ordinate System
● In a CNC machine, there are basically two origins for the Cartesian
coordinate systems:
● Machine Home (Machine Zero) – a location set once by the machine
manufacturer.
● Part Origin (Part Zero) – a location determined by the NC part
programmer.
● Intermediate Origin
Word Address Programming
G code categories:
● Modal: the G code specification will remain in effect for all subsequent
blocks unless replaced by another associated modal G code.
● Nonmodal: the G code specification will only affect the block in which it
appears.
Ex: N0010 G91G01X1.0F10.0
N0020 X2.0 G91, G01, G90 and
N0030 Y2.0 G00 are modal
N0040 G90G00Y0
N0050 G28 G28 is non-modal
● X, Y, Z, … – dimension words, used to specify the movement of the
programming axes (Cartesian coordinate system).
Word Address Programming
● F – feed rate, the rate at which the spindle moves along a programming
axis.
● F is modal.
● English system: in/min
● Metric system: mm/min
Ex: F10. – a feedrate of 10 in/min,
F10 – a feedrate of 0.001 in/min (Fanuc controllers).
● S – spindle speed, the speed at which the spindle rotates (rpm).
● Spindle rotation should be specified prior to axis movement.
● M – miscellaneous machine function, used to specify machine functions
other than dimensional or axis movements.
Ex: M03 (spindle on, clockwise),
M05 (spindle off),
M08 (coolant on),
M09 (coolant off),
M30 (program end)
Word Address Programming

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