Intro To Geo Online Lesson

Write this down
Chapter 1: in your notes!
The World of
Geography
Write this
down in your
Chapter 1: notes!
What is Geography?
*It is the study of our earth; our

home.
OR
*Anything that can be mapped!
*Geography mixes up the
physical and human aspects
of our world into one field of
study.
*Geography shows the

relationship between people
and the environment.
What is a geographer?
• Someone who
analyzes the
Earth from
many points of
view.
The Five Themes of
Geography
• There are five ways to look at the
earth
• When geographers work, they are
guided by two basic questions:
1) Where are things located?
2) Why are they there?
To find these answers, geographers

use five themes to organize
information
Things that geographers study:
• oceans
• plant life
• landforms
• people
• how the Earth and its people affect
each other
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The Five down in your
notes!
Themes:
1. Movement – Helps explain how
people, goods, and ideas get from one
place to another.
2. Regions – Geographers compare

the climate, land, population, or
history of one place to another.
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The Five Themes: down in your
notes!
3. Human-Environment Interaction –
Geographers study how people affect or
shape physical characteristics of their
natural surroundings and how does their
surroundings (environment) affect them
4. Location – Geographers begin to study a

place by finding where it is, or its location.
5. Place – Geographers study the physical

and human features of a location.
Here is an easy way to
remember this!
• MR. HELP!
• Movement
• Region
• Human-
Environment Interaction
• Location
• Place
Write this down in
your notes!
Movement
• Explains how people, goods, and

ideas move from one place to
another.
• Helps geographers understand
cultural changes.
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your notes!
Regions
• A region has a unifying

characteristic, like climate, land,
population, or history.
• On maps, geographers use color and
shape or special symbols to show
regions.
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in your notes!
Human-Environment
Interaction
• How do people adjust to and change
their environment? How does the
environment adjust to and change
the people?
• Geographers also use interaction to
study the consequences of people’s
actions.
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your notes!
*Location – two types*
• There are two ways to think

about location:
1. absolute location – describes

the place’s exact position on the
Earth.
2. relative location – explains

where a place is by describing
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your notes!
Place
• This includes a location’s physical
and human features.
– To describe physical features, you might
say that the climate is hot or cold or that
the land is hilly.
– To describe human features, you might
discuss how many people live there,
what types of work they do, or what
they do for fun.
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The Geographer’s Tools
• Globes and Maps:
– As people explored the Earth, they
collected information about it.
– Mapmakers wanted to present this
information correctly.
– The best way was to put it on a
globe, a round ball that
represented the Earth.
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– Because globes are not practical or
easy to use to carry, flat maps
were invented.
– However, the earth is round and a
map is flat.
– Mapmakers had to find ways to
make maps accurate.
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How Latitude and Longitude
Form the Global Grid
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The Hemispheres
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Globes and Maps
• The most accurate way to present

information on the islands,
continents, and bodies of water of
the world is to put it all on a globe, a
round ball like the Earth itself.
• The only difference between a globe
and the Earth itself is the scale, or
size, represented on the globe.
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• Globes have a disadvantage: They
cannot be complete enough to be
useful and at the same time be small
enough to be convenient.
• Therefore, people invented flat maps.
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• Maps try to show the Earth, which is
round, on a flat surface.
• This causes distortion, or a change in
accuracy of the shapes and distances
of places.
• It is impossible to show the Earth on
a flat surface without some
distortion.
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Getting It All On the Map
The World: Mercator Projection • In 1569, a geographer
named Gerardus Mercator
created a flat map to help
sailors navigate long
journeys across the globe.
• The Mercator projection, or
method of putting a map of
the Earth onto a flat piece of
paper, is used by nearly all
deep-sea navigators.
• The Mercator projection is a
conformal map, meaning
that it shows correct
shapes, but not true
distances or sizes.
• There are many types of
other projections of the
globe.
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The World: Three Projections
Interrupted Projection There are many ways to show a globe
on a flat map. The interrupted
projection map, on the left, shows
real sizes and shapes of continents.
The equal area map , below left,
shows size accurately. The Peters
projection, below, shows land and
oceans areas and correct directions
accurately
Peters Projection
Equal-Area Projection
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We use this map the
The World: A Robinson most often!
Projection
ARCTIC
OCEAN
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Copy down
the red text
The Parts of a Map only
Compass Rose
• A compass rose is a model of a compass. It
tells the cardinal directions, which are
north, south, east, and west.
Scale
• The scale on a map tells you the relative
distance on the map to the real world. For
example, a map’s scale may tell you that
one inch on the map equals one mile in
the real world.
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Copy down the
red text only!
Key
• The key, or legend, on a map explains
what the symbols on a map represent,
such as triangles representing trees.
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Practice Online Game!
• http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/world_G0_Click.html
• Hopefully, this link works!

• The game times you how fast you can find all
the continents and bodies of water!
• Test yourself to practice your skills on the map
of the world!

Intro To Geo Online Lesson

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Write this down

Chapter 1: in your notes!

*It is the study of our earth; our

*Geography shows the

1) Where are things located?

2) Why are they there?

To find these answers, geographers

2. Regions – Geographers compare

4. Location – Geographers begin to study a

5. Place – Geographers study the physical

• Explains how people, goods, and

• A region has a unifying

*Location – two types*

• There are two ways to think

1. absolute location – describes

2. relative location – explains

• The most accurate way to present

The World: A Robinson most often!

• Hopefully, this link works!

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Location – two types