FUNCTIONS

IN
MYSQL
 MYSQL FUNCTIONS
There are three types of MySQL functions:

MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS

 STRING FUNCTIONS

 DATE FUNCTIONS
MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
 POWER() OR POW()
This function return mn i.e. number m raised to the nth power.
Syntax:
POWER(m,n) or POW(m,n)
Examples:
SELECT POWER(2,3); #Output - 8
SELECT POWER(2,-2); #Output - 0.25
SELECT POW(4,2); #Output - 16
 ROUND()
This function return value of argument n rounded to m places right to the decimal
point. If m is omitted than it rounds the number to 0 th place.
Syntax:
ROUND(n,m) or ROUND(n)
Examples:
SELECT ROUND(1.58); # Output will be 2
SELECT ROUND(1.298,1); # Output will be 1.3
SELECT ROUND(-1.23); # Output will be -1
SELECT ROUND(-1.58); # Output will be -2
SELECT ROUND(4.368,2); # Output will be 4.37
 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
 MOD(m,n), M%N, M MOD N
• This function returns remainder of argument m divided by argument n.
• If n, is 0 then it will return NULL.

Syntax:
MOD(M,N)
Examples:
SELECT MOD(10,3); # Output will be 1
SELECT MOD(10,4); # Output will be 2
SELECT 15 MOD 3; # Output will be ___________
SELECT 30%8; # Output will be ___________
 MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
 TRUNCATE()
• This function truncates the specified number to the specified decimal places.
• If no decimal place is specified then it return the number without any decimal.
• Truncate function never rounds off the value. It simply deletes the number
after the decimal point.

Syntax:
TRUNCATE(n,d)
Examples:
SELECT TRUNCATE(5.253,1); # Output will be 5.2
SELECT TRUNCATE(3.99,0); # Output will be 3
SELECT TRUNCATE(3.99); # Output will be 3
SELECT TRUNCATE(-1.99,1); # Output will be -1.9
STRING FUNCTIONS
 STRING FUNCTIONS
 CHAR()
• This function return the character for each integer passed as arguments.
• It return the character on the bases of the ASCII value of the character.
• If any argument contains a fractional value or string value then these values
are considered as integer by default.
• ASCII values : A-Z = 65-90 , a-z = 97-122
Syntax:
CHAR(value1, value2,……)
Examples:
SELECT CHAR(65, 67, 69); #Output - ACE
SELECT CHAR(65.9, 67, ‘69’); #Output - ACE
 CONCAT()
This function is used to concatenate the two strings.
Syntax:
CONCAT(str1,str2)
Examples:
SELECT CONCAT(“DPS”,”RANIPUR”); # Output will be DPSRANIPUR
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……

 LOWER() or LCASE()
• This function converts the given string into lower case(small letters).
Syntax:
LOWER(str) or LCASE(str)
Examples:
SELECT LOWER(“DPS”); # Output - dps
SELECT LCASE(“Dps Ranipur”); #Output - dps ranipur

 UPPER() or UCASE()
• This function converts the given string into upper case(capital letters).
Syntax:
UPPER(str) or UCASE(str)
Examples:
SELECT UPPER(“Dps”); # Output - DPS
SELECT UCASE(“Dps Ranipur”); #Output – DPS RANIPUR
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……
 LENGTH()
• This function returns the length of the given string including letters, digits,
space and other symbols.
Syntax: LENGTH(str)
Examples:
SELECT LENGTH(“DPS”); # Output -3
SELECT LENGTH(“Dps Ranipur”); #Output - 11
 SUBSTR()
• This function extract the substring starting from the specified position in a
given string.
Syntax: SUBSTR(str, m, n)
• Here m represent the starting position of substring and n represents the
number of characters in the substring. if m is positive then it counts from the
beginning and if m is negative it counts from the end.
Examples:
SELECT SUBSTR(“DPSRANIPUR”,4,3); # Output - RAN
SELECT SUBSTR(“DPSRANIPUR”,4); # Output – RANIPUR
SELECT SUBSTR(“DPSRANIPUR”,-5,3); # Output – NIP
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……
 LEFT()
• This function returns the leftmost n characters from the given string.
Syntax: LEFT(str, n)
Examples:
SELECT LEFT(“DPSRANIPUR”,4); # Output - DPSR

 RIGHT()
• This function returns the rightmost n characters from the given string.
Syntax: RIGHT(str, n)
Examples:
SELECT RIGHT(“DPSRANIPUR”,3); # Output – PUR
 INSTR()
• This function returns the position of the first occurrence of substring in the
given string.
Syntax: INSTR(str, substr)
Examples:
SELECT INSTR(“DPSRANIPUR” , ’R’); # Output – 4
SELECT INSTR(“DPSRANIPUR” , ’PUR’); # Output – 8
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……
 TRIM()
• This function removes the leading and trailing spaces from a given string.
• By default it removes the spaces from both sides.
Syntax: TRIM(str) or TRIM(BOTH/LEADING/TRAILING remstr FROM str)

Examples:
(i) To remove the spaces from both side of given string
SELECT TRIM(“ DPS ”); # Output – DPS (without
space)

(ii) To remove the leading @ from the given string

SELECT TRIM(“LEADING ‘@’ FROM ‘@@@DPS@@’); # Output – DPS@@

(iii) To remove the trailing @ from the given string

SELECT TRIM(“TRAILING ‘@’ FROM ‘@@@DPS@@’); # Output – @@@DPS

(iv) To remove @ from both sides of the given string

SELECT TRIM(“BOTH ‘@’ FROM ‘@@@DPS@@’); # Output – DPS
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……
 LTRIM()
• This function removes the leading spaces from a given string.
Syntax:
LTRIM(str)
Examples:
To remove the leading spaces from the given string
SELECT LTRIM(“ DPS”); # Output – DPS (without
space)

 RTRIM()
• This function removes the trailing spaces from a given string.
Syntax:
RTRIM(str)
Examples:
To remove the trailing spaces from the given string
SELECT RTRIM(“ DPS ”); # Output – DPS (with space)
 STRING FUNCTIONS Continue……

 MID()
• This function extract the substring starting from the specified position in a
given string.
Syntax: MID(str, m, n)
• It is similar to SUBSTR() function
Examples:
SELECT MID(“DPSRANIPUR”,4,3); # Output - RAN
SELECT MID(“DPSRANIPUR”,4); # Output – RANIPUR
DATE FUNCTIONS
 DATE FUNCTIONS
 CURDATE() or CURRENT_DATE()
• This function returns the current date in the format YYYY-MM-DD.
Syntax:
CURDATE() or CURRENT_DATE()
Examples:
SELECT CURDATE(); # Output – 2020-05-15

 DATE()
• This function extract the date part from the datetime expression.
Syntax: DATE(exp)
Examples:
SELECT DATE(“2020-05-15 09:15:20”); # Output – 2020-05-15
 MONTH()
• This function returns the month from the date passed.
Syntax: MONTH(date)
Examples:
SELECT MONTH(“2020-05-15”); # Output – 5
 DATE FUNCTIONS
 YEAR()
• This function returns the year from the date passed.
Syntax:
YEAR(date)
Examples:
SELECT YEAR(“2020-05-15”); # Output – 2020
 DAYNAME()
• This function return the name of the weekday.
Syntax:
DAYNAME(date)
Examples:
SELECT DAYNAME(“2020-05-15”); # Output – Friday
 DAYOFMONTH() or DAY()
• This function returns the day of month.
Syntax: DAYOFMONTH(date)
Examples:
SELECT DAYOFMONTH(“2020-05-15”); # Output – 15
 DATE FUNCTIONS
 DAYOFYEAR()
• This function returns the day of the year.
Syntax:
DAYOFYEAR(date)
Examples:
SELECT DAYOFYEAR(“2020-05-15”); # Output – 136

 DAYOFWEEK()
• This function returns the day of week.
Syntax: DAYOFWEEK(date)
Examples:
SELECT DAYOFWEEK(“2020-05-15”); # Output – 6

 NOW()
• This function returns the current date and time .
Syntax: NOW()
Examples:
SELECT NOW(); # Output – 2020-05-15 09:36:22
 Quiz
Write your answer in the chat box

1 What will be the output of the following query?

SELECT ROUND(5.2546,2);
a. 5.25
b. 5.26
c. 5.2
d. 5.20
2 What will be the output of the following query?
SELECT SUBSTR(“ONLINECLASS”,3,5);
a. INECL
b. LINEC
c. INE
d. LIN
3 What will be the output of the following query?
SELECT TRUNCATE(4.3589,2);
a. 4.35
b. 4.36
c. 4.00
d. 4.30
4 What will be the output of the following query?
SELECT INSTR(“DATABASE MANAGEMENT”,”AGE”);
a. 12
b. 13
c. 14
d. 11
Thank You