Sampling and Sampling Frame
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nirmith.kakadeSampling and Sampling Frame
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nirmith.kakadeNirmith Kakade
SAMPLING AND SAMPLING FRAME
SELECTION CRITERIA
• Samples should ensure the inclusion of
relevant constituencies, events, process
etc, to gain in-depth understanding
• Symbolic representation is required
• Sample should be as diverse as possible
within the boundaries of the defined
population
SAMPLE SIZE
• Qualitative samples are usually small in size .
• data are properly analysed, saturation will lead
to redundant data
• statements about incidence or prevalence are
not the concern of qualitative research .
• type of information that qualitative studies
yield is rich in detail. Too much data will be too
much handle
• Issues of determination of sample size are
• heterogeneity population require larger sample
. Homogeneous requires a smaller sample but
with internal diversity
• number of selection criteria
• context to which nesting of criteria -controlling
the representation of one criterion within
another
• Multiple samples within one
study
• The budget and resources
available
• Rule of thumb
• Interviews – under 50
• Group discussion – 90-100
• Qualitative research allows to change
sample size for sample design if the
situation is requires it .Sometimes the
sample may not have important
characteristics required.
ex. Groups lacks innate diversity or a
group requires more in-depth
Additional investigation
and • Theoretical sampling often leads to
additional sample , as it is iterative method
supplement , as data is collected , we can decided the
ary samples sample
STUDY POPULATION
• To understand the sampling unit , it is
necessary to define the parent population.
While defining 1 must consider
• Which population will, by virtue of their proximity
to the research question, be able to provide the
richest and most relevant information
• central population that should be excluded as they
may be outside the scope of enquiry, or
inappropriate or insensitive.
• groups or subpopulations that should be included
because their views, experiences and so on would
bring contrasting or complementary insights to the
enquiry
• It involves 2 stages in defining the population
• specifying the characteristics of the collective units
• specifying those of the individual required within
them
SAMPLING FRAME
Sampling frame is a list from which sample is to be
drawn.
It contains the names of all items of a universe
It also called sampling list , survey frame
Qualitative clarity, as a set of principles to guide
assessments of the sampling techniques in a study
report or research proposal.
It has two components, theoretical grounding and
sensitivity to context.
REQUIREMENT OF SAMPLING
FRAME
• Should provide the details for informed selection
• Should provide a comprehensive and inclusive basis about sample.
Consisting of all dimension , constituencies and relevant group
• A file containing information that may be used to reach specific people
• It should provide enough potential participants.
• general rule of thumb, three to four times the size of the required
study sample to allow scope for selection
• It should be practical .
• Information should be up to date. This might need to be examined
regularly
OPTION FOR SAMPLE FRAME
• Administrative record
• Survey sample
• a survey to collect data to identify
key characteristics of a
population . A survey will also
generally be a rich source of data
to support quite refined purposive
sampling
• avoid over-complex
categorisations or making
assumptions about likely attitudes
or experiences based on survey
responses.
• Published list
• Household screen
Going to houses and conducting small interviews , to identify which
houses consist of potential participants
The face-to-face encounters not only gives important details but also
gives a chance to get consent
• Through on organisation
If an organisation works with a population and has assess to them , they
can be assess through the organisation.
• Snowballing / chain sampling
Useful for small , niche and hard to reach population
• Flow population
Samples are generated by approaching people in a particular location or
setting
The opportunity to engage with potential sample members will be
limited, given the public or quasi-public nature of the location and the
fact that people are there for a particular purpose
CHOOSING A SAMPLE FRAME
• For general population samples, a household screen will usually be the
most effective way to generate the sample frame.
• Groups that have an administrative significance , administrative
methods
• groups with specific characteristics especially that involves sensitive
information, a survey sample is ideal
• specific minority ethnic groups, snowball method is best
• samples of organisations or professionals, published lists
SEEKING
CONSENT
• There are 2 approaches
• opt in' approach requires
positive and active consent
from the individual for
their details to be passed
on.
• An 'opt out' approach
gives individuals an
opportunity to indicate
that they do not want their
details to be passed on,
but treats inaction as
consent.
References
• Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science
student and researchers – Jane Ritchie and Jane Lewis
• https://www.questionpro.com/blog/sampling-frame/
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3207270/
