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Algorithms Y3

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5 views

Algorithms Y3

Uploaded by

Johanna Urwin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Algorithms

Year 2-3 – ICT

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 1


What is an algorithm?
• Algorithms are one of the four
cornerstones of Computer
Science
• An algorithm is a plan, a set of
step-by-step instructions to solve
a problem
• Example: make a cup of tea, get
dressed or prepare a meal then
you already know how to follow
an algorithm.

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 2


How to represent algorithm:
• In an algorithm, each instruction is identified and the
order in which they should be carried out is planned.
• Algorithms are often used as a starting point for
creating a computer program or written as a
flowchart or in pseudocode.
• Computers are only as good as the algorithms they
are given. If you give a computer a poor algorithm,
you will get a poor result
• Algorithms are used for many different
things including calculations, data
processing and automation.
Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 3
Algorithm plan:
• It is important to plan out the solution to a
problem to make sure that it will be correct.
• Using computational thinking and
decomposition we can break down the
problem into smaller parts and then we can
plan out how they fit back together in a
suitable order to solve the problem.
• This order can be represented as an algorithm.
An algorithm must be clear. It must have a
starting point, a finishing point and a set
of clear instructions in between.
Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 4
Flowcharts:
• Representing an algorithm
• A flowchart is a diagram that represents a set of instructions
• Flowcharts normally use standard symbols to represent the different
instructions
• There are few real rules about the level of detail needed in a
flowchart
• Sometimes flowcharts are broken down into many steps to provide a
lot of detail about exactly what is happening. Sometimes they are
simplified so that a number of steps occur in just one step

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 5


Loop Flowchart:
• For loop is a control flow
statement that's used to
iterate through a sequence
of values
• While loop is a control flow
statement that allows you to
continuously execute
commands as long as a
condition evaluates to true

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 6


Flowchart symbols

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 7


Simple example:
• Find a sum of two numbers
(Num1+Num2)
• Initialize sum = 0 (PROCESS)
• Enter the numbers (Input)
• Add them and store the result in
sum (PROCESS)
• Print sum (Output)

*num1<-- 10 / num2<--20
*sum=30
Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 8
Exercise 1:
• How to make a cup of tea
• Define the Start/Stop, Process,
Decision where needed
• In flow chart you can use only
(Kettle, Water, Tea) !!!

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 9


Exercise 1: Solution:
• How to make a cup of
tea
• Process (Fill kettle,
heat water, make tea)
• Decision -Loop (has
the water boiled)

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 10


Exercise 2: Cross the road:
• Show the steps for safely crossing the
road
• Decide where the decision task below
adapt in the flow chart:
• End
• Look left and right
• Stop at the kerb
• Start
• Is the road clear both ways ?

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 11


Exercise 2: Solution:
•Process (Stop at the
kerb, look left and
right, cross the road
carefully )
•Decision -Loop (Is the
road clear both ways?)

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 12


Exercise 3: How to make a
pizza:
• How to make a pizza
• Define the Start/Stop, Process,
Input/Output, Decision where
needed
• In flow chart you can use only
(Ham, Cheese, tomato, Oven,
pizza dough) !!!

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 13


Exercise 3: Solution: Start

• How to make a pizza Ham, Cheese, tomato,


pizza dough
• Input (Ham, cheese,
tomato, pizza dough) Put food ingredients on
pizza dough
• Process (put ingredients
on pizza dough, put
Put pizza in oven for 10
pizza in oven) minutes approximately
• Output (pizza is ready)
Pizza is ready

END

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 14


Exercise 4 - HW: Convert
Fahrenheit to Celsius:
• Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
• Check the current temperature in your
area in Fahrenheit
(https://freemeteo.co.uk/)
• Define the Start/Stop, Process,
Input/Output, Decision where needed

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 15


Challenge exercise – HW:
• Describe the flow chart
• Define the flow chart scenario
• There is the decision statement on it
and why ?

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 17


Further Reading + Test:
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpp49j6/revision/1
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/z3tbwmn/articles/z3whpv4

Check your knowledge:


https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpp49j6/test

Ioannis Nicolaou - American Academy Larnaca 19

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