MANAKULA

VINAYAGAR INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
KALITHEERTHAL KUPPAM, PUDUCHERRY – 605 107

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(2022-2023)

MINI PROJECT : IOT GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION

CLASS/SEM:II/IV(SEC B)

TEAM MEMBERS:

AARTHI.A

JAYAPRIYA.R

SAGEEYA PARVEEN.A

VEGESNA SIVA SAI RISHITHA

ABSTRACT:

Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is necessary that good
safety systems are to be implemented in places of education and
work. This work modifies the existing safety model installed
in industries and this system also be used in homes and business
premises. One of the preventive measures to avoid the danger associated
with gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detector at vulnerable
locations.

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area,

often as part of a safety system. Gas Detector where it can sound an
alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving
them the opportunity to fix or leave. This type of device is
important because there are many gases that can be harmful to organic
life, such as humans or animals. This paper provides a brand new
approach to discover LPG discharge supported microcontroller based
Node MCU.

To alert on Liquefied rock oil Gas (LPG) leakage and preventing any
unwanted incident, we need to apply some cautions to discover the
discharge. This paper aims to provide a solution to this problem
by building a device which will do the area monitoring continuously.
The gas sensor provides data to Node MCU, and then the results
are displayed as a warning to the user via an Android-based smart-
phone device.

Other than LPG gas, Air conditioner and refrigerator leaked gases are
also harmful in home. Using this device users will be able to prevent
accidents that occur due to harmful gas leaks so that accidents can
be avoided.
INTRODUCTION:
LPG is the abbreviation or short kind for liquefied oil gas. Like all fossil
fuels, it's a non-renewable supply of energy. It is extracted from fossil
oil and gas. LPG gas is largely gas and alkane and it's scentless in its
state of nature. The smell that we tend to notice once there's a run is
really of a wholly totally different agent, referred to as alkyl radical
Mercaptan. This substance is additional to the gas once it leaves the
most storage terminals.

Humans cannot detect the presence of natural gases as fast as the

sensor does. Thus, the use of gas sensing system is hugely needed to
give real-time monitoring of the gas system. In certain cases, gas
leakage can cause fire that will destroy human property. The large scale
of fire also could contribute to serious injury or death. This is due to
the fire station getting delayed information about the occurrence of
fire .

The current products that are in the market function as a gas detector.
It will only detect a gas and trigger an alarm. The main problem is that
even the alarm is triggered but if the user is not at home or premise,
the user will not get to know about the leakage of gas. The prime aim
of paper is to detect Gas leakage in home, hotels, schools and other
domestic areas, and gives alert message to the surrounding people.

Nowadays Gas sensors are being used globally in the field like safety,
health, instrumentation etc. This paper is an implementation of the
same using MQ-5 gas sensor. The MQ5 sensor is commonly used for
detecting gas leakage for various applications.
 The MQ-5 gas sensor detects the concentration of gas in ppm
and outputs analog value which can be converted to a digital signal.
The paper allows the user to set the low, medium and dangerous level
for leakage based on the same digital measure. The intensity values are
compared with two predetermined thresholds and based on that, it
classifies it into three different classes of concentration of leakage.

LITERATURE SURVEY :
In the proposed system we have designed “IOT based Smart Gas
Monitoring System”. This proposed system aims to detect the
economic fuels like petroleum, liquid petroleum gas, alcohol etc and
allows a provision for controlling the gas leakage by closing the valve
automatically.

The next feature of the topic is to ensure the booking of gas cylinder
from gas agency. The sensors detect the leaked gas and send the
signal to the internet ; thereafter the programme on the internet,
directs the android app using the signal for switching off gas valve
from a distant place. So it redirects again to the internet and closes
the gas cylinder valve through IOT.

The problem of gas wastage could also be avoided using this system.
Sometimes if the burner is left on by mistake, the consumer could be
alerted about the problem. If the burner is on and there is no vessel
on top of it, an alarm goes off.
COMPONENTS:
1.Node MCU

2.LPG Gas sensor Module

3.Connecting wires

4.Jumper Wires

5.Buzzer

6.Connecting wires

Node MCU:
Node MCU is an open source IOT platform. It includes firmware which
runs on the ESP8266 WiFi SoC from Espressif Systems, and
hardware which is based on the ESP-12 module. The term "Node MCU"
by default refers to the firmware rather than the development kits. The
firmware uses the Lua scripting language.
MQ5 GAS SENSOR :

In the Youtube, experts have explained about different components of

LPG architecture. The sensing element is capable of detecting Six
differing kinds of combustible gases on label sensitivity. This sensing
element may be label mistreatment the potentiometer fitted within
the jailbreak board of MQ5 gas sensing element. The sensing element
provides associate degree analog output. The MQ-5 will observe gas
concentrations in any place from two hundred to 10000ppm.

The sensor's output is associated with the degree of analog resistance

Interfacing with the sensing element module is finished through a 4-
pin board compatible header and it needs one i/o pin from the host
microcontroller. The onboard microcontroller gives initial heating
interval once power-up and starts to give live LPG sensing element
output.

CONNECTING WIRES:

A wire may be a single, typically cylindrical, versatile strand or rod

of metal. Wires square measure accustomed bear mechanical
masses or electricity and telecommunications signals. Wire is often
fashioned by drawing the metal through a hole in a very die or draw
plate. Wire gauges are available in numerous customary sizes, as
expressed in terms of a gauge range.

The term wire is additionally used additional loosely to confer with a

bundle of such strands, as in "multi stranded wire", that is additional
properly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity.
Connecting wires will be made up of Al and different materials the
majority electrical wires square measure fabricated from copper.

JUMPER WIRES:

A jumper wire is associate electrical wire, or cluster of them forming a

cable, with a connecter or pin at every finish (or typically while not
them - merely "tinned"), that is often accustomed interconnect the
components of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit,
internally or with other equipment or components, without soldering.
Individual jump wires are fitted by inserting their "end connectors"
into the slots provided during a board, the header connecter of a
printed circuit, or a chunk of equipment.

BUZZER:

A buzzer or pager is an audio signaling device, which can

be mechanical, mechanical device, or electricity (Piezo
for short). lt has 2 pins in it. It’s easy construction and low
worth makes it usable in varied applications like car/truck
reversing indicator, computers,
decision bells etc. Once subjected to an alternating field of
force they stretch or compress, in accordance with the
frequency of the signal thereby producing sound.

IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Here we have adapted new technology IOT (Internet of Things) to get

fastest notification of gas leakage. We shall use a stepper motor to OFF
the knob of cylinder regulator to avoid the accidental cases due to gas
leakage. We will also use a website or application under the IOT
technology to get fastest response from the module.

The other modules used in this project are GSM module,

microcontroller, exhaust fan, LED for indication, a buzzer to notify local
peoples. And MQ 5 or MQ 6 gas sensor module to sense the gas
leakage. The main advantage of this work is that it can determine the
leakage and send the data over to a website, where it can be
monitored and corrective actions can be taken. If appropriate
measures are taken quickly after it is reported over the IOT, it can help
in saving the loss of life and property.
V. IMPLEMENTATION
:

As shown in the diagram above , the system contains Node

MCU, LPG GAS device Module and buzzer. Node MCU controls the
complete method of this technique like reading LPG Gas device
module output, causation message and activating buzzer.

The functioning of the circuit once the device is supercharged

ON. The MQ5 device gas module has four pins. 2 pins area unit used
for interfacing with development board and 2 other pins area unit VCC
and ground. Out of 2 interfacing pins one pin is analog output and the
other is digital pin. The analog output pin of the module is employed
for detecting concentration level of gas outpouring and interfaced with
the A0 analog input pin of the Node MCU board. In this circuit, we
have connected the A0 pin of the MQ-5 to the A0 pin of the Node Mcu
module and D0 pin remains disconnected.
 Internet of Things (IoT) is the networking of ‘things’ by which
physical things can communicate with the help of sensors, electronics,
software, and connectivity. These systems do not require any human
interaction and same is the case with IOT based gas detection system,
it does not require human attention. IOT and Node MCU based LPG
leakage detection system senses the LPG gas with the help of an LPG
gas sensor.

LPG gas sensor interfacing with Node MCU is implemented in

this project. The Signal from this sensor is sent to the Node MCU
microcontroller. The microcontroller is connected to an LCD, Buzzer
and IOT module (ESP8266). IOT LPG leakage detector project is
implemented using an ESP8266 chip. This is a Wi-Fi module which is
used for connecting micro-controllers to Wi-Fi network and make
TCP/IP connections and send data. Data, which is sensed by these
sensors, is then sent to the IOT.

The IOT module then sends the data over to a website. Once the gas
leakage is detected, the buzzer is turned ON and a ‘Leakage detected’
message is displayed on the LCD. The Pre-requisite for this LPG gas
leakage detection and the smart alerting project is that the Wi- Fi
module should be connected to a Wi-Fi zone or a hotspot. This project
is also implemented without the IOT module. In place of the IOT
module, we have used a GSM module, by which an SMS is triggered.

VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

The proposed approach can be implemented in IOT basics and

stored in thinkspeaks.com. The graph representation provides the
field chart for gas leakage and monitoring levels. We can monitor the
sensors anywhere and anytime using cloud framework. The chart
represents for gas sensor levels to identify the gas leakage. The
ThinkSpeak is a Cloud in which it can receive the sensors data via Wi-
Fi
Module and it can represent the data as a field graph in the various
parameters. The ThinkSpeak can generate the API key. The API key can
be given in source code. By Giving SSID and Password we can connect
the wi-fi module with the thinkspeak services.

Here we are testing on every insertion string on channel MQ5 SENSOR

VALUE, Field 1 in which the condition is – if inserted value is not equal
to 0. If this condition is true we call into the Thinkspeak by setting the
Action to ThingHttp. Now, whenever your IOT device sends a piece of
data into ThingSpeak, ThingSpeak will automatically relay a post to
PushBullet and in turn notify your devices.

VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:

Gas escape could result in severe accidents which ends in material

losses and human injuries. Gas escape happens chiefly because of poor
maintenance of apparatus and inadequate awareness of the
individuals. Thus LPG escape detection is useful to stop accidents and
to avoid wasting human lives. This paper presents a LPG escape
detection and alert system. This technique triggers buzzer and displays
the severity of the escape to alert individuals once LPG escape is
detected.

This technique is incredibly straightforward nevertheless reliable.

It leaves with the additional scope of improvement. Battery utilized in
this technique is of 5V and in future improvement a much bigger,
reversible one could be used , which may sustain the gas detection
module for an extended amount of time, with alert whenever battery
runs out. With additional improvement like detection of Gas
Concentration and changes in style the system will be more handy and
price effective for the users.
PROGRAM:
#include <ThingSpeak.h>;
#include <OneWire.h>
#include<DallasTemperature.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include "DHT.h"
#define DHTPIN 2
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 4 DHT dht(DHTPIN,
DHTTYPE);
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x3f, 16, 2); OneWire
oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS); DallasTemperature
DS18B20(&oneWire); const int HEART = A0;
const char *ssid = "embedded"; const char *pass =
"12345678";
const char* server = "184.106.153.149"; String apiKey
= "EB1NYCAKUT89F07X"; WiFiClient client;
unsigned long myChannelNumber = 634873;
const char * myWriteAPIKey =
"EB1NYCAKUT89F07X"; int gh = 0;
const int analog_ip = A0;
int inputVal = 0; int heartBeat;
double alpha = 0.75; int period = 20; double refresh =
0.0; float temperature_c; void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600); dht.begin();
lcd.begin(); lcd.backlight();
lcd.print(" pls wait...."); delay(2000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print("SSID: embedded"); lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("PASS: 12345678");
delay(1000); WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)
{
delay(100); lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Searching...");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1); lcd.print("
Network"); delay(400);
}
lcd.clear(); lcd.print(" WIFI");
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print(" CONNECTED"); delay(2000);
pinMode(D1, OUTPUT); pinMode(13,
OUTPUT); delay(2000); delay(2000);
delay(1000);
ThingSpeak.begin(client); lcd.clear();
lcd.print("Searching"); lcd.setCursor(0,
1); lcd.print("network..."); delay(5000);
lcd.clear();
lcd.print(" Connecting....");
pinMode(acdent, INPUT_PULLUP);

intro(); digitalWrite(D1, 1); delay(500);

digitalWrite(D1, 0); delay(500);
}
void loop()
{
int vout = analogRead(A0);
Serial.println(vout); delay(500);
if (vout > 750)
{
digitalWrite(D1, 1); delay(500); digitalWrite(D1, 0);
delay(500);
}
ThingSpeak.setField( 1, (float) vout);
ThingSpeak.writeFields(myChannelNumber, myWriteAPIKey);
delay(13000);
}
void sv_on()
{
digitalWrite(12, 1);
digitalWrite(13, 0);
}
void sv_off()
{
digitalWrite(12, 0);
digitalWrite(13, 0);
}
void heart_beat()
{
static double oldValue = 0; static double oldrefresh = 0; int
beat = analogRead(HEART);
double value = alpha * oldValue + (0 - alpha) * beat; refresh
= value - oldValue;
heartBeat = beat / 10; oldValue = value; oldrefresh = refresh;
delay(period * 10);
}
void read_temperature()
{
DS18B20.requestTemperatures(); temperature_c =
DS18B20.getTempCByIndex(0);
}