Scribd
Upload
11 views

What Is A Database (DB) ?

Uploaded by

rameshkudipati015
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

What Is A Database (DB) ?

Uploaded by

rameshkudipati015
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 22

What is a Database(DB)?

•Any Collection of related •Databases can be stored in


information. different ways.
•Phone book. •On paper
•Shopping list. •In your mind.
•To do list. •On a computer/smart Apps

1-
Database management system(DBMS)

A special software program that helps to users create and


maintain a database.

• Makes it easy to manage large amount data.


• Handles security(like validations).
• Backups
• Importing/exporting data.
• Concurrency(the ability to execute more than one
task)
• Interacts with software apps

1-
Amazon Database diagram

Amazon.com will interacts with the DBMS in order to create,


read, update and delete the information.

1-
Two types of Databases

1-
C.R.U.D
Create Read Update Delete

1-
Relational database(SQL)

1-
Relational databases(SQL)

1-
Non-relational databases(noSQL/not just SQL)

1-
What is SQL?

• SQL stands for Structured Query Language


• SQL lets you access and manipulate databases
• SQL became a standard of the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986, and of the
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) in 1987.
• SQL is a standard language for accessing and
manipulating databases.

1-
D.M.R.T.D

 Data Definition Language (DDL)


 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 Data Retrieval Language (DRL)
 Transaction Control Language (TCL)
 Data Control Language (DCL)

DDL -- create, alter, drop, truncate, rename


DML -- insert, update, delete, merge
DRL -- select
TCL -- commit, rollback, savepoint
DCL -- grant, revoke

1-
Using DDL(Data Definition Language)

create: It is used to create a table, i.e. to specify the meta


data, i.e. the DT of the column, constraints of the
column.
Alter: It is used to add or delete or modify a column.
drop: It is used to delete a table (Entire table is deleted.
i.e. the data and also the meta data)
truncate: It is used to delete only the data of the table and
also the constraint such as identity/autoincrement.

1-
CREATE TABLE Syntax

Syntax:
Create table <table_name> (col1 datatype1, col2
datatype2 …coln datatypen);
Ex:
SQL> create table student (no number (2), name
varchar (10), marks number (3));

1-
USING DML(Data Manipulation Language )

• INSERT

This will be used to insert the records into table.


We have two methods to insert.
 By value method
 By address method

• Update
• Delete

1-
USING VALUE METHOD

USING VALUE METHOD

Syntax:
insert into <table_name) values (value1, value2, value3 …. Valuen);

Ex:
SQL> insert into student values (1, ’sudha’, 100);
SQL> insert into student values (2, ’saketh’, 200);

• To insert a new record again you have to type entire insert command, if there are lot of
records this will be difficult.
• This will be avoided by using address method.

1-
USING ADDRESS METHOD

USING ADDRESS METHOD

Syntax:
insert into <table_name) values (&col1, &col2, &col3 …. &coln);
This will prompt you for the values but for every insert you have to use forward slash.

Ex:
SQL> insert into student values (&no, '&name', &marks);
Enter value for no: 1
Enter value for name: Jagan
Enter value for marks: 300
old 1: insert into student values(&no, '&name', &marks)
new 1: insert into student values(1, 'Jagan', 300)

SQL> /
Enter value for no: 2
Enter value for name: Naren
Enter value for marks: 400
old 1: insert into student values(&no, '&name', &marks)
new 1: insert into student values(2, 'Naren', 400)

1-
USING UPDATE

USING UPDATE

This can be used to modify the table data.

Syntax:
Update <table_name> set <col1> = value1, <col2> = value2 where <condition>;

Ex:
SQL> update student set marks = 500;
If you are not specifying any condition this will update entire table.

SQL> update student set marks = 500 where no = 2;


SQL> update student set marks = 500, name = 'Venu' where no = 1;

1-
USING DELETE

This can be used to delete the table data temporarily.

Syntax:
Delete <table_name> where <condition>;

Ex:
SQL> delete student;
If you are not specifying any condition this will delete entire table.

SQL> delete student where no = 2;

1-
USING DRL(Data Retrieval Language)

SELECTING DATA
Syntax:
Select * from <table_name>; -- here * indicates all columns
or
Select col1, col2, … coln from <table_name>;
Ex:
SQL> select * from student;

NO NAME MARKS
--- ------ --------
1 Sudha 100
2 Saketh 200
1 Jagan 300
2 Naren 400
3 Ramesh
4 Madhu
5 Visu
6 Rattu

1-
USING TCL(Transaction Control Language)

• COMMIT
• ROLLBACK
• SAVEPOINT

1-
USING COMMIT
USING COMMIT

This will be used to save the work.


Commit is of two types.
 Implicit
 Explicit

a) IMPLICIT

This will be issued by oracle internally in two situations.


 When any DDL operation is performed.
 When you are exiting from SQL * PLUS.

b) EXPLICIT

This will be issued by the user.

Syntax:
Commit or commit work;
* When ever you committed then the transaction was completed.

1-
USING ROLLBACK

This will undo the operation.


This will be applied in two methods.
 Upto previous commit
 Upto previous rollback

Syntax:
Roll or roll work;
Or
Rollback or rollback work;
* While process is going on, if suddenly power goes then oracle will rollback the transaction.

1-
USING SAVEPOINT

You can use savepoints to rollback portions of your current set of transactions.

Syntax:
Savepoint <savepoint_name>;

Ex:
SQL> savepoint s1;
SQL> insert into student values(1, ‘a’, 100);
SQL> savepoint s2;
SQL> insert into student values(2, ‘b’, 200);
SQL> savepoint s3;
SQL> insert into student values(3, ‘c’, 300);
SQL> savepoint s4;
SQL> insert into student values(4, ‘d’, 400);

1-

You might also like