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Lecture 4.1 AML

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23 views12 pages

Lecture 4.1 AML

Uploaded by

Vivek Sreekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Machine

Learning with
TensorFlow
22TCSE532
Lecture_4.1
Model Evaluation and Hyper-parameter Tuning

A comprehensive overview of key concepts and


methodologies
Streamlining Workflows with Pipelines
• Pipelines are used to automate and streamline the process of applying
data preprocessing and model training in sequence.
• - Ensures consistency by processing data through the same steps each
time.
• - Combines multiple processing steps into a single, repeatable process.
• - Makes it easier to tune hyper-parameters since all steps are
encapsulated in a single entity.
K-Fold Cross-Validation
• K-fold cross-validation is a resampling technique used to evaluate
model performance.
• - The dataset is divided into K subsets (folds).
• - The model is trained on K-1 folds and tested on the remaining fold.
• - This process is repeated K times, with each fold serving as the test set
once.
• - Helps in reducing the variance associated with a single train-test split.
Advantages:
- Reduces the bias associated with a single train-test split.
- Provides a more robust estimate of model performance.

Choosing 'K':
- Common values for 'K' are 5 or 10. A higher 'K' increases
computational cost but provides a more stable performance
estimate.
Model Performance Measures
• Evaluating a model's performance requires various metrics:
• - Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1-score for classification tasks.
• - Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Squared Error (MSE) for
regression tasks.
• - ROC-AUC for probabilistic classifiers.
• - Helps in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the
model.
Debugging with Learning and Validation Curves

• Learning curves help in understanding the performance of a


model as it learns.
• - Shows how the model's error rate changes with varying
training sizes.
• - Validation curves show model performance with changes in
hyper-parameters.
• - Useful in diagnosing underfitting and overfitting.
Fine-Tuning Models with Grid Search

• Grid search is used for hyper-parameter tuning to find the best


combination of parameters.
• - Exhaustively searches over a specified parameter grid.
• - Evaluates model performance for each parameter
combination using cross-validation.
• - Returns the parameter set that yields the best performance.
Performance Evaluation Metrics
• Metrics vary depending on the type of task:
• - Ranking Metrics: Mean Average Precision (MAP),
Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG).
• - Classification Metrics: Accuracy, Precision, Recall, ROC-
AUC.
• - Regression Metrics: MSE, RMSE, R-squared.
Bootstrapping and Jackknife Methods

• Resampling methods for statistical inference:


• - Bootstrapping: Generates multiple datasets by sampling with
replacement.
• - Jackknife: Involves systematically leaving out one observation
at a time from the sample set.
• - Used to estimate statistics like mean, variance, and
confidence intervals.
Hold-Out Validation
• A simple validation method for model evaluation:
• - The dataset is split into two parts: training set and test set.
• - Model is trained on the training set and evaluated on the
test set.
• - Does not use the entire dataset for training, hence prone
to variance.
Model Validation vs. Testing
• Validation and testing serve different purposes:
• - Validation is used to tune hyper-parameters and select the
best model.
• - Testing is performed on a separate dataset to assess the final
model's performance.
• - Testing provides an unbiased evaluation, while validation
helps optimize the model.

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