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    Fertilisation Plants

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    munkedalstig

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    Fertilisation Plants

    Uploaded by

    munkedalstig
    3 views36 pages

    Original Title

    4. Fertilisation Plants

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views36 pages

    Fertilisation Plants

    Uploaded by

    munkedalstig

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 36

    Fertilisation in plants

    • Define the term


    fertilisation
    • Recall the features of
    dicot and monocot
    plants
    • Describe the stages of
    fertilisation in a plant
    What is pollination? Reproduction - KS3 Biolog
    y - BBC Bitesize

    What is pollination? Reproduction - KS3 Biolog


    y - BBC Bitesize
    DICOT Vs MONOCOT
    Key words
    • Fertilisation: fusion of haploid nuclei of male
    and female gametes to produce a diploid
    zygote in an ovule.
    • Sexual reproduction: the process where the
    nuclei of two gametes fuse to form a zygote,
    resulting in the production of genetically
    different offsprings.
    Gametes
    • Sex cells
    – Contain half the normal amount of chromosomes
    – Haploid (n)
    – Formed by meiosis.

    • Zygote
    • When the nuclei of the gametes fuse
    – Contain the normal number of chromosomes as adult cell
    – Diploid(2n)
    Process -Sexual
    reproduction in plants
    1. pollen lands on stigma
    2. Pollen tube forms
    3. The male nucleus (ONLY) travels down the style
    4. Enters the ovary
    5. Enters the ovule (female nucleus is located)
    6. Fusion of the nuclei, zygote forms
    7. Zygote develops into an embryo
    8. Ovule becomes the seed
    9. Petals, stamen, sepals, wither away
    Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the
    pollen grain down through the style to the ovule

    stigma

    style

    carpel

    ovary
    Click to view the
    ovule animation

    Note: Petals not shown in


    order to simplify diagram

    Flower Structure Pollination Fruit Development Seed Dispersal Germination Test


    Development of the seed and fruit
    Tissues of the ovary
    become the fruit
    Ovule becomes the seed
    The integuments of ovule
    harden and form the tough
    protective seed coat (testa)
    that prevents bacterial and
    fungal infection.
    The micropyle remains as a
    small pore in the seed
    The scar near the seed is
    the hilum, the attachment
    point of the ovule (seed) to
    the Ovary (pod)
    Seed dehydrates and
    becomes dormant
    Key words
    • Hermaphrodite
    • Pollen grain
    • Ovule
    • Egg
    • Haploid cell
    • Diploid cell
    • Meiosis
    • Mitosis
    • https://quizlet.com/281201741/igcse-flowerin
    g-plant-organs-diagram/

    • https://quizlet.com/254350590/igcse-plant-re
    production-sexual-and-asexual-flash-cards
    Aspect Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
    Slower due to the need
    Rapid, allowing quick for pollination,
    Speed of Reproduction population growth fertilization, and seed
    production
    Low, no need for High, requires energy
    Energy Requirement flowers, pollinators, or for gamete production,
    seeds flowers, and pollination
    High, offspring have
    None, offspring are
    Genetic Diversity genetic variation from
    clones of the parent
    two parents
    High, can produce Generally fewer
    Number of Offspring many offspring in a offspring produced per
    short time reproductive cycle
    Asexual
    Aspect Sexual Reproduction
    Reproduction
    Traits vary, which can
    Successful traits are
    be beneficial or
    Survival of Traits preserved across
    harmful depending
    generations
    on the environment
    High, rapid
    reproduction can Lower, due dispersal
    Risk of Overcrowding lead to overcrowding of seeds and fruits
    and competition
    Better long-term
    Limited, vulnerable to survival, thanks to
    Long-Term Survival extinction if genetic variation and
    conditions change adaptability
    Asexual
    Aspect Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

    High, one disease can Lower, genetic


    wipe out the entire variation can make
    Risk of disease spread
    crop due to lack of some plants resistant
    genetic variation to diseases
    Low, may require
    more frequent High, diverse gene
    Long-Term Sustainability replanting if pool helps ensure
    environmental long-term survival
    conditions change
    Consistent yields if Yield may vary due to
    Yield consistency conditions remain genetic differences in
    stable each plant
    MS form
    • Reproduction Flashcards (Edexcel IGCSE Biolog
    y) (savemyexams.com)
    Flowering plants:
    Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
    Leaves
    Flowering plants:
    Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
    Flowers
    Flowering plants:
    Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
    Root
    MICROPYLE- The hole in the seed
    (thru which the pollen tube had
    entered the ovule)

    HILUM- scar on the seed. Point of


    attachment of ovule in the ovary

    COTYLEDON- Food Storage


    structures of a seed

    RADICLE- Embryonic root/future


    root
    PLUMULE- Embryonic
    shoot/future shoot

    EMBRYO- Young seedling in the


    seed

    TESTA-tough covering of the seed

    ENDOSPERM- Embryonic storage


    tissue in the ovule.
    Flowering plants:
    Monocotyledon and Dicotyledon
    Cotyledons are food stores (starch and
    proteins and enzymes) in the seed Dicot
    • Broad leaves
    with branching
    Monocot: veins
    • Long leaves with • Petals in groups
    parallel veins of 4 or 5
    • Petals in groups • Tap roots
    of 3
    • Branching roots Developing
    embryo

    Corn

    cotyledon

    Beans
    Peanuts

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