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DSP L04 Discrete Time Signals and Systems Part1

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Shereen Elmetwally
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8 views

DSP L04 Discrete Time Signals and Systems Part1

Uploaded by

Shereen Elmetwally
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SBES152
Biomedical Signal
Processing

Lecture 04
Discrete-Time Signals and Systems

Shereen El-Metwally [email protected]

Credit: Adapted from slides by Dr. Muhammed


Rushdi
2

Discrete-Time Signals
• A discrete-time signal x[n] can be thought of as a
real- or complex-valued function of the integer
sample index n:

• For discrete-time signals the independent


variable is an integer n, the sample index
• Signal is only defined at integer values n—no
definition exists for values between the
integers
• By sampling
x[n] =
3

Discrete-Time Signals:
Example
• Consider a sinusoidal signal:

Determine an appropriate sampling period Ts and


obtain the discrete-time signal x[n]
corresponding to the largest allowed sampling
period.
• Solution:
Ts
To sample d
period =0.5
x(t) so that no informationmax is lost, the

shoul be:
Nyquist sampling rate condition indicates that the
sampling
4

Discrete-Time Signals:
Example
• Consider a sinusoidal signal:

Determine an appropriate sampling period Ts and


obtain the discrete-time signal x[n]
corresponding to the largest allowed sampling
period.
• Solution:
To sample x(t) so that no information is lost, the
period
Nyquistshould
sampling rate condition indicates that the
be:
sampling Ts
=0.5
max
rad/sec
Discrete and Analog
Frequencies
ω (rad) = Ω (rad/sec) x T
Discrete frequency Continuous frequency

 Discrete frequencies repeat every 2 (i.e., ω = ω + 2πk, for any


integer k), and as such we only need to consider the range:

 In contrast, analog frequency Ω which has rad/sec as units,


its range is
-
5

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals
6

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals

i.e., Discrete frequency ω0 is an integer multiple of 2π/N


7

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals
8

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals: Example 1
• Consider the discrete
sinusoids:
9

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals: Example 2
• Continuous-time sinusoids are always
periodic but this is not true for discrete-time
sinusoids
Consider:

• Sample it with Ts=1  x[n] = x(t)|t= nTs = cos


(n+π/4)

•The freq. of the above signal cannot be


represented as There is no integer
ω0 = 1 = 2πm/N So, itNisthat
notsatisfies that
N = 2πm because π is irrational number.
periodic.
1
1

Sampling Analog Periodic


Signal

for positive integers N and m, which are not divisible by each


other.
1
0

Periodic and Aperiodic


Signals: Example 2
• So, what is the sampling frequency that makes it
periodic???:

That is,
And to satisfy the Nyquist rate:

For k =1 Ts = π/5 ≤ π


For k =3 Ts = 3π/5 ≤ π
1
2

Sum of Discrete-Time Period


Signals
• The sum z[n] = x[n] + y[n] of periodic signals x[n]
with period N1, and y[n] with period N2, is
periodic if the ratio of periods of the summands is
rational—that is,

▫ Here p and q are integers not divisible by


If so, the
each period of z[n] is qN2 = pN1.
other
1
3

Sum of Discrete-Time Period


Signals
• Example: z[n]= sin(2 n/3+2) + cos(2 n/3+1)
▫ N1= 3, N2=3 and hence, sum is periodic
with period 3 (p=q=1)
• Example: z[n]= sin(2 n/3+2) + cos(2 n/6+1)
▫ N1= 3, N2=6 and hence, sum is periodic
with period 6 (p=2;q=1)
• Example: z[n]= sin( n+2) + cos(2 n/3+1)
▫ N1= 2, N2=3 and hence, sum is periodic
with period 6 (p=3; q=2)
• Example: z[n]= sin( n+2) + cos(2n/3+1)
▫ N1=2, signal 2 is not periodic: sum is not
periodic
1
4

Sum of Discrete-Time Period


Signals
• The signal z[n] = v[n] + w[n] + y[n]

is the sum of three periodic signals v[n], w[n], and


y[n] of periods N1= 2, N2= 3, and N3= 4,
respectively.

Determine if z[n] is periodic, and if so,


determine its period.
1
5

Sum of Discrete-Time Period


Signals x[n]

• The signal z[n] = v[n] + w[n] + y[n]


is the sum of three periodic signals v[n], w[n], and
y[n] of periods N1= 2, N2= 3, and N3= 4,
respectively.

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